斑马鱼实验模型在生物活性评价中的应用

Application of Zebrafish Experimental Models in the Evaluation of Biological Activity

近年来,随着ENU、TALEN及CRISPR-Cas9等斑马鱼基因敲除及转基因技术等不断成熟,在制备稳定表达转基因品系上取得显著的进展,使得人们能够构建涵盖临床诸多相关病理现象的斑马鱼转基因和突变体品系。由于斑马鱼基因组与哺乳类动物具有高度同源性,与传统实验动物模型相比,斑马鱼发育过程清晰、实验周期短、易于观察及孵育期间不受母体代谢影响等,不仅有利于人们直接用于评价生物活性,且具有操作简便、取材容易、成本低廉等优势。基于上述理由,斑马鱼实验模型已广泛应用在分子、细胞、组织及整体水平上的药效活性筛选及作用机制的研究。为此,本文对斑马鱼作为模式生物的应用进行概述,旨在为斑马鱼在医药、生物医学材料、日化产品、功能食品及天然产物等领域的生物活性、安全性评价及作用机制等研究提供有益的参考。

In recent years,with the continuous maturation of zebrafish gene knockout and transgenic technologies such as ENU,TALEN and CRISPR⁃Cas9,significant progress has been made in the preparation of stable expression transgenic lines,enabling people to construct zebrafish transgenic and mutant lines covering many clinical related pathological phenomena.Zebrafish share a high degree of genetic homology with mammals.Compared with traditional experimental animal models,zebrafish has clear developmental processes,short experimental cycles,easy observation,and is not affected by maternal metabolism during incubation.This not only facilitates direct evaluation of biological activity,but also has advantages such as easy operation,easy sampling,and low cost.Consequently,zebrafish experimental models have been widely used in molecular,cellular,tissue,and overall level pharmacological activity screening and mechanism of action research.This article provides an overview of the versatile applications of zebrafish as a model organism,aiming to provide useful references for thebiological activities,safety assessment,and mechanisms of action.These applications span diverse fields,including medicine,biomedical materials,personal care products,functional foods,and natural products.