数字基础设施与中国城市的空间重构

Digital Infrastructure and the Spatial Restructuring of Chinese Cities

数字技术为我国经济发展注入了新动能,而数字经济带动城市高质量发展更离不开数字基础设施的支撑。文章从宏观视角出发,基于中国263个地级及以上城市2002—2020年的样本数据,从中心人口密度、人口密度梯度和多中心指数维度探讨了数字基础设施发展水平对城市空间结构动态变化、不同行业企业选址异质性及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)数字基础设施的改善推动了中心城区人口密集程度的上升。这表现为CBD附近人口的密集化,同时人口密度随距离递减的速度加快,表明数字基础设施的扩展为城市中心带来更强的内聚动力,使得该区域更加紧凑。(2)尽管核心区域更为紧凑,但城市也在向多中心化方向发展,呈现出新兴次级中心的形成与扩散。(3)地铁作为高效便捷的公共交通方式,在一定程度上促进了分散,但这并未根本改变人口向城市中心的整体聚集倾向。城市应当因地制宜制定发展政策,缓解中心区域压力,带动城市各区域共同发展。

Digital technology has injected new power into China's economic development,and the high-quality urban development driven by the digital economy is inseparable from the support of digital infrastructure.Based on the panel data of 263 cities at prefecture level and above from 2002 to 2020,this paper discusses the influence of digital infrastructure development level on the dynamic change of urban spatial structure,the site selection heterogeneity of enterprises in different industries and its influencing factors from the dimensions of central population density,population density gradient and multi-center index.The findings indicate that:1)The enhancement of digital infrastructure leads to a rise in population density in central urban areas.This manifests as intensified population density near the central business district(CBD),while the rate of population density decline with distance is accelerated,suggesting that the expansion of digital infrastructure brings a stronger cohesion force to city centers,making these areas denser.2)Although the core area is more compact,cities are developing towards multi-centricity,demonstrating the growth and spread of emerging subcenters.3)Subways,as an efficient and convenient public transportation method,have facilitated dispersion to a certain extent,but this has not fundamentally altered the overall trend of aggregation towards city centers.Cities should develop policies tailored to local conditions to alleviate pressure in central areas and promote the coordinated development of all urban regions.