乡村活力的理论解析与案例实证

Rural Vitality:Theoretical Analysis and Case Study

深入探讨乡村活力的基础理论与测度方法,对于提升乡村活力、助力乡村振兴具有重要意义。文章从系统论视角构建了乡村活力的理论框架,提出了科学识别乡村活力空间类型的方法体系,应用乡村活力指数测算方法与回归模型,结合江苏丰县案例开展了村域尺度的乡村活力实证研究。结果表明:(1)乡村活力是乡村地域系统由低级有序向高级有序转变、由低层次向高层次演化的外在表现,体现于乡村地域系统的自组织演化与外部环境之间互动过程中;乡村地域系统是否具有较强的自我发展能力、能否有效地影响外部环境及适应外部环境的变化是研判乡村活力水平的重要标准。(2)乡村振兴是乡村地域系统到达成熟阶段,具有高活力水平、强再生能力的一种发展状态;不同演化阶段的乡村地域系统依赖于差异化的外部干预,乡村振兴战略可为提升乡村活力提供必要的政策支撑。(3)以乡村五大振兴作为参照,从经济、人口、文化、生态与组织5个维度构建乡村活力评价指标体系,建立了“模型评价+系统筛选+专家修正”的乡村活力空间类型识别技术流程与方法体系。(4)案例区村域尺度乡村活力评价与空间识别研究表明,乡村活力空间格局呈现出局部集聚的态势;村庄空心化制约乡村总体活力,而就业非农化率、耕地流入率、乡镇政府驻地及与政府驻地的连接、公交通达性等因素促进了乡村活力提升;将案例区划分为7类乡村活力空间类型,并提出了针对性的可持续发展路径。

It is of great theoretical and practical significance for exploring the path of rural revitalization focusing on enhancing the comprehensive vitality of rural areas to construct the basic theory and measurement method of regional rural vitality.This paper constructs a theoretical framework of rural vitality from the perspective of system theory,establishes the method for scientifically identifying the spatial types of rural vitality,and uses rural vitality index calculation method and regression model to demonstrate the rural vitality research selecting Fengxian County of Jiangsu Province.The research results show that:1)Rural vitality is the external expression of the transformation of the rural system from low-level order to high-level order,and the evolution from low level to high level,which is reflected in the interaction process between the self-organizing evolution of the rural system and the external environment.The criteria of the level of rural vitality are whether the rural system has strong self-development ability,whether it can effectively influence the external environment,and whether it can adapt to changes in the external environment.2)Rural revitalization is a state of rural development in which the rural system has reached mature stage,with a high level of rural vitality and strong regeneration.Rural system at different evolution stages relies on differentiated external interventions,and the rural revitalization strategy provides necessary policy support for enhancing rural vitality.3)Taking the five major rural revitalizations as a reference,this paper establishes an evaluation system of rural vitality from five dimensions which are economy,population,culture,ecology and organization respectively,and proposes the technical process and method system of spatial type identification of rural vitality by taking the following approach of"model evaluation+system screening+expert modification".4)The research on the evaluation and spatial identification of rural vitality shows that the spatial pattern of rural vitality presents the trend of local agglomeration in study area,the trend of rural hollowing reduces the overall vitality of rural areas.Factors such as off-farm employment rate,arable land inflow rate,township government premises,the connection between government premises,and public transport accessibility promote the level of rural vitality.Furthermore,this paper divides the case area into seven types of rural vitality,and puts forward the sustainable development paths which are suitable for different types of villages.