理性选择视角下的社会参与不足及其形成机制

Study on the Inadequate Social Participation and its Formative Mechanisms from the Perspective of Rational Choice

社会参与对社会治理体系现代化至关重要,但国内的社会参与存在政府热衷推动,但民众意愿不强、参与不足的现象。借助理性选择视角和“科尔曼之舟”的分析框架,可以发现个体在进行社会参与的行动选择时,会进行成本与收益的理性计算,一系列与中国式现代化有关的机制对这样的理性计算有着情景性的影响,如城市化、工业化、互联网普及等,而“搭便车效应”和“门槛效应”亦会影响作为集体行动层面的社会参与。因此,需对政策实践中的“全民参与”“动员式参与”作进一步思考,亦需注意社会参与可能产生的副作用。

Social participation is crucial to the modernization of the social governance system.The phenomenon of social participation in China is one that the government is keen to promote,however the people's willingness to participate is weak and insufficient.By mobilizing a rational choice theory perspective and the analytical framework of Coleman's Boat,it can be found that individuals make rational calculations based on costs and benefits when choosing actions for social participation.Here,a series of mechanisms related to China's modernization have a situational impact on such rational calculations,such as urbanization,industrialization,and widespread internet access,while the"free-rider effect"and"threshold effect"also affect social participation as a collective action.The"entire-population participation"and"mobilized participation""in policy practice should be further considered,and the negative effects of social participation should also be noted.