空气污染对创业规模的影响——基于省级面板和个体调查数据的实证研究

The Impact of Air Pollution on the Scale of Entrepreneurship:An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel and Individual Survey Data

少数文献已经开始尝试探寻空气污染对创业的研究,不过已有文献大都只是分析了空气污染对创业数量的影响,忽视了空气污染对创业规模的影响,这很可能会低估空气污染对创业的整体影响。基于2003—2017年我国31个省份的面板数据以及2022年的个体调查问卷数据,实证研究了空气污染对创业规模的影响。第一,一个地区的空气污染越严重,该地区的创业规模越小。第二,人口流失在空气污染与地区创业规模之间起到了中介效应,一个地区的空气污染会加剧该地区的人口流失程度,进而减小地区创业规模。第三,空气污染对创业规模的影响存在个体差异,个体越偏好风险、拥有的社会资本越多,空气污染对创业规模的影响越小。政府部门应继续加大力度整治空气污染,并且出台政策提高当地经济发展机会和发展潜力,从而增强对创业者的吸引力,以促进地区创业规模的扩大。创业者应增加自身的创业资源和社会资本积累,从而更好地应对空气污染的不利影响,着力提升创业规模并提高创业成功率。

A small number of studies have begun to explore the impact of air pollution on entrepreneurship,but most of the existing literature has only analyzed the impact of air pollution on the quantity of entrepreneurs,neglecting the impact of air pollution on the scale of entrepreneurship.This may underestimate the overall impact of air pollution on entrepreneurship.This paper empirically studies the impact of air pollution on the scale of entrepreneurship,using a combination of provincial panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017 and individual survey questionnaire data from 2022,yielding three main conclusions.First,The more severe the air pollution in a region,the smaller the scale of regional entrepreneurship in that area.Second,population outflow plays a mediating role between air pollution and the scale of entrepreneurship,whereby,air pollution will exacerbate the migration of population which subsequently reduces the scale of regional entrepreneurship.Third,the impact of air pollution on the scale of entrepreneurship varies among individuals,with those who prefer risk and possess more social capital experiencing less impact from air pollution.The above conclusions have certain decision-making reference value for both the government and entrepreneurs.As such,government departments should continue to increase efforts to combat air pollution and implement policies to enhance local economic development opportunities,thereby increasing the attractiveness to entrepreneurs and promoting the scale of entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurs should strengthen their own entrepreneurial resources and social capital in order to cope with the adverse effects of air pollution,focus on improving the scale of entrepreneurship,and elevate the success rate of entrepreneurship.