中国法上的买卖契约与物权变动

The Transfer of Ownership Based on Sales Contract in China's Law

买卖契约与所有权移转之间的规范关联乃是物权行为理论在中国实证法上是否以及如何得到体现的观察基点。概念架构上,我国以民法典为核心的制定法框架并未排斥物权行为概念,因而在否认与肯定两个方向上,有着相同的逻辑可能。在此前提下,可从法律效果角度对所涉行为的性质作正面观察。一方面,无论买卖契约的定义、出卖人的主给付义务,还是关于出卖他人之物、所有权保留买卖、双重买卖的规则,均表明买卖契约并无移转所有权之处分效力。另一方面,中国实证法显示,所有权移转须具备独立的物权合意,不仅如此,关于善意取得的规则还进一步显示,物权合意具有抽象性。因此,中国实证法对于物权行为理论,不仅贯彻分离原则,亦认可抽象原则。

The normative connection between sales contracts and the transfer of ownership is the foundation for observing whether and how the theory of right in rem is reflected in Chinese positive law.Within the legal framework that centered around the Civil Code,there exists an openness to the concept of juristic act of right in rem,allowing for diverse interpretations.This paves the way for a nuanced exploration of the positive legal implications of the acts.Analysis reveals that despite factors such as the definition of sales contracts,seller obligations,transactions involving third-party property,and rules on retention of ownership,a sales contract alone does not automatically result in ownership transfer.On the other hand,the transfer of ownership must have an independent agreement of right in rem.Furthermore,the rules concerning Good Faith Acquisition further indicate that the agreement of right in rem possesses an abstract nature.Therefore,in Chinese positive law regarding the juristic act of right in rem,not only is the principle of separation upheld,but the abstract principle is also acknowledged.