蝴蝶求偶行为中物种识别和两性识别机制研究进展

Research advances in mechanisms of species and sex recognition during butterfly courtship

蝴蝶求偶行为一直是昆虫行为学家和进化生物学家关注的热点。本文综述了蝶类求偶行为的一般模式及在求偶中物种识别和两性识别的机制。蝶类求偶过程首先是发现并定位配偶,然后开始飞行追逐,最后完成交配。在此过程中蝴蝶需要识别同类和异性配偶,辨别雌蝶的交配状态。蝴蝶识别同类和异性主要依靠翅的斑纹和色彩、紫外反射能力等视觉信号以及性信息素和虫体挥发物等嗅觉信号,但对两种信号的利用权重存在差异;雄蝶辨别雌蝶的交配状态主要依靠雌蝶的虫体挥发物及飞行姿态;对无香鳞和味刷的种类如何进行嗅觉通讯以及新手段的应用还有待深入研究。对蝶类求偶行为及其信号利用途径的研究有助于加深对蝶类求偶交配行为的认识,为深入了解蝶类的种内及种间交流奠定基础。

Butterfly courtship behavior is a research hotspot for insect behaviorists and evolutionary biologists.In this review,we summarized the general patterns of butterfly courtship behavior and the mechanisms of species and sex recognition during courtship.The courtship behavior begins with finding and locating a mate,followed by flight pursuit,and finally completing the mating.During this process,butterflies need to identify conspecifics and their mates,and detect female mating status.Butterflies rely on visual cues(wing stripe,wing color,and UV reflectance)and olfactory cues(sex pheromones and insect body volatiles)to discriminate conspecifics and their mates.However,there are differences in the relative importance of these two cues.Males discriminate female mating status mainly based on body volatiles and flight attitude.How olfactory communication occurs in male butterflies without scent scales and hairpencils,and the application of new tools used for behavioral observation,have yet to be thoroughly investigated.Exploration of courtship behavior and signal utilization in butterflies will provide more knowledge on behavior of adult butterflies,and lay the foundation for deeper understanding of interspecific and intraspecific communication of butterflies.