18454例住院新生儿疾病谱分析

Analysis of Disease Spectrum of 18,454 Hospitalized Neonates

目的调查新生儿疾病谱构成,为新生儿围产期预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析西安市某三甲妇幼保健医院2019年1月1日-2021年12月31日18454例住院新生儿相关数据,将住院新生儿的主要诊断按照国际疾病ICD-10分类,应用excel 2003和SPSS 26.0进行疾病构成分布的比较。结果新生儿住院前10位疾病为早产儿、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿肺炎、新生儿ABO溶血病、特发于围生期的感染、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、小于胎龄儿、短暂性低血糖症、新生儿湿肺、新生儿窒息,占全部住院人数的89.6%。住院患儿中男9781例,女8673例,男女比例1.12:1。男女性别的前10位病种无差异,但排位略有不同。男女发病前3位均是早产儿、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿肺炎,占总住院人数60.3%,其余疾病排名略有不同。结论早产儿、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿肺炎是当地新生儿期最常见住院病因,应有针对性的加强母婴围产期保健预防。

Objectives This study aims to investigate the spectrum of neonatal diseases to provide a scientific basis for neonatal-perinatal preventive health care.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 18,454 hospitalized newborns at a tertiary maternal and child health hospital in Xi'an from January 1,2019 to December 31,2021.The main diagnoses of hospitalized newborns were standardized according to the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10),and the disease composition and distribution were compared using Excel 2003 and SPSS 26.0.Results The top ten diseases in neonatal hospitalization were premature infants,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal ABO hemolytic disease,infections specific to the perinatal period,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,small for gestational age infants,transient hypoglycemia,neonatal wet lung,and neonatal asphyxia,accounting for 89.6%of the total hospitalized population.Among the hospitalized patients,there were 9781 males and 8673 females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.12:1.There was no difference in the top 10 diseases between males and females,but the ranking is slightly different.The top three diseases in both males and females were premature infants,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,and neonatal pneumonia,accounting for 60.3%of the total hospitalized population.The ranking of other diseases was slightly different.Conclusions Preterm infants,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,and neonatal pneumonia are the most common causes of hospitalization in the local neonatal period.Targeted measures should be taken to strengthen maternal and infant perinatal health care and prevention of these diseases.