羁押人口率:落实少捕慎押的另一个面向

Detention Rate:An Alternative Perspective on the Implementation of More Prudence in Arrest and Custody

中国未决羁押治理实践中长期存在一种可能的偏见,即认为未决羁押率是未决羁押治理水平的主要评价标准,因此无论未决羁押率下降的原因为何,均被视为未决羁押治理的成绩。未决羁押治理水平的评价标准主要应当是羁押人数或羁押人口率,而非单纯的未决羁押率。以羁押人口率标准比较中外未决羁押治理水平会发现,中国未决羁押治理水平有很大进步空间。真正贯彻落实依法少捕慎押刑事司法政策是提高未决羁押治理水平的必经之路。从整体视之,则应抓住《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改的契机,对我国刑事拘留制度予以系统性革新,首先废除37天拘留的实质意义上的羁押制度,并以此为抓手,彻底解决已呈现出结构性特征的未决羁押难题。

In China's practice of pre-trial detention management,there has long existed a potential bias,which regards the rate of pre-trial detention as the main criterion for assessing management levels.Consequently,any reduction in the pre-trial detention rate,regardless of the reasons,is considered an achievement in detention management.However,the proper metrics for evaluating the level of pre-trial detention management should primarily be the number of detainees or the rate of detention population,not merely the pre-trial detention rate itself.Comparing China's pre-trial detention management with international standards using the detention population rate reveals significant room for improvement.The effective implementation of the criminal justice policy of"arresting less and detaining cautiously according to the law"is an essential path to enhancing the management level of pre-trial detention.From a holistic perspective,the opportunity presented by the fourth amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law should be seized to decisively overhaul China's criminal detention system.This starts with abolishing the substantive detention regime of 37-day detentions and using this reform as a lever to solve the structurally ingrained challenges of pre-trial detention.