何以为“庭”? 刑事在线庭审制度的基本逻辑与建构路径

What isa"Court"?On the Logic and Construction of the System of Online Criminal Trials

刑事诉讼的数字化转型已经逐步拓展至审判阶段,传统以物理法庭空间为基础场域建构起的在线庭审程序在数字化的进程中面临诸多挑战,法庭在既有刑事诉讼制度框架下所承载的在空间、时间、行为和权力四个维度的聚合功能均在逐步消解或异化,进而冲击与之相应建立的刑事诉讼规则。对此,有必要在剖析法庭得以服务于审判公正的参与性、信息交互及展示性这三项核心要素的基础上,搭建起以物理与虚拟场域贯通为逻辑起点、以权利保障为落脚点的刑事庭审制度调整框架。在此基础上将纠纷系统设计理念嵌入调整过程,通过引入阶层化的程序正义理念,基于物理场域与虚拟场域的孪生关系调整法庭构造,通过能力建设弥合数字鸿沟,并在庭审数字化的转型期对相关诉讼权利保障予以必要强化。

The digital transformation of criminal procedure has gradually extended to the trial stage.The traditional trial procedure based on the physical court space is facing many challenges in the process of digitization.The aggregation functions of the four dimensions of space,time,behavior,and power carried by the physical court under the framework of the existing criminal procedure system are gradually dissolving or alienating,which in turn impacts the criminal procedure rules established accordingly.In this regard,it is necessary to establish a path for the criminal trial system adjustment based on the analysis of the three core elementsthat is,participation,information interaction,and display,that serve judicial justice,with the interaction between the physical and digital fields as the logical starting point,and the protection of rights as the foothold.On this basis,the concept of dispute system design is expected to be embedded in the adjustment process.By introducing a hierarchical model of procedural justice,the court structure should be reformed based on the twin relationship between the physical field and the digital field,the digital divide should be bridged through capacity building,and the protection of relevant litigation rights is to be strengthened during the transitional period of digital transformation.