跨膜感受器Sho1和Msb2在真菌中的功能研究进展

Advances in functional studies of transmembrane receptors Sho1 and Msb2 in fungi

Sho1和Msb2分别为四跨膜蛋白和单链跨膜蛋白,现有研究表明其普遍存在于真菌中,两者结构保守,都具有胞外结构域、跨膜结构以及胞质结构域,且Sho1蛋白主要定位于细胞质膜,Msb2蛋白主要定位于在细胞质膜上,通过质膜的内吞作用将其转运至液泡内。此外,Sho1和Msb2蛋白的不同结构域可与多种信号蛋白结合,参与MAPK信号通路中的不同途径,调节真菌的生长发育和逆境响应。目前在酿酒酵母、白念珠菌、烟曲霉、黄萎病菌、尖孢镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌、玉米黑粉菌、稻瘟病菌、灰霉菌、新生隐球菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌等真菌中开展了大量Sho1和Msb2蛋白功能的研究,发现Sho1和Msb2蛋白主要参与真菌的丝状生长、渗透胁迫、氧化应激、细胞壁完整性、温度响应和毒力调控,但其具体功能具有真菌进化特异性。本文综述了Sho1和Msb2的结构特征,对Sho1和Msb2在不同真菌中的功能及其作用途径进行了总结分析,以期为相关研究提供参考。

Sho1 and Msb2 are respectively four-transmembrane membrane proteins and single-chain transmembrane protein.Resent research shows that they generally exist in fungi,and have conservative structures,including extracellular domain,transmembrane structure and cytoplasmic domain.Sho1 is located in the plasma membrane,and Msb2 is located in the plasma membraneand transported into the vacuole through endocytosis.Different domains of Sho1 and Msb2 bind to various signaling proteins,then participate in different pathways in the MAPK signaling pathway,so as to regulation of fungal growth and stress response.At present,the functions of Sho1 and Msb2 have been reported in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Candida albicans,Aspergillus fumigatus,Verticillium dahliae,Fusarium oxysporum,F.graminearum,Ustilago maydis,Magnaporthe oryzae,Botrytis cinerea,Cryptococcus neoformans,and Histoplasma capsulatum,that mainly involved in filamentous growth,osmotic stress,oxidative stress,cell wall integrity,temperature response,and virulence regulation of fungi.However,their specific functions have fungal evolution specificity.This paper reviewed the structural characte-ristics of Sho1 and Msb2,summarized and analyzed the functions and action ways of Sho1 and Msb2 in different fungi,in order to provide reference for related research.