引起草莓根腐病的镰刀菌种类鉴定

Species identification of Fusarium spp.causing root rot on strawberry

草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch)属于蔷薇科(Rosaceae)草莓属(Fragaria)的多年生常绿草本植物[1]。在园艺学中草莓被划归为浆果类果树,原产于南美洲,在世界范围内广泛种植[2]。草莓的栽培形式多为暖棚种植,其种植的区域较为固定,因此多发生连作现象,造成了土传病害的不断发生[3]。草莓根腐病是典型土传病害,1980年首次在日本报道,随后在中国、澳大利亚、荷兰等国家相继发生,造成了严重的经济损失[4]。

In this study,155 isolates of Fusarium were isolated from the diseased roots of strawberry with the symptom of root rot,which were collected from thirteen provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions across China from 2021 to 2022.The obtained 155 Fusarium isolates were identified to be eight species(namely F.acuminatum,F.asiaticum,F.commune,F.equiseti,F.fujikuroi,F.oxysporum,F.proliferatum,and F.solani)based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA(rDNA-ITS)and translation elongation factor-1 alpha(TEF-1α),with F.oxysporum(108 isolates,69.68%)being predominant.Results of pathogenicity test confirmed that thirty-one representative isolates belonging to these eight species of Fusarium could induce the symptom of root rot on strawberry roots,showing that they were pathogenic on strawberry roots.The average disease incidence(98.62%)and disease index(79.87)of strawberry roots caused by F.oxysporum were higher than those of the seven other species of Fusarium.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of F.asiaticum,F.commune,F.fujikuroi,and F.proliferatum causing strawberry root rot in China.