陕西省农业农村现代化发展水平评价及空间分布差异研究

RESEARCH ON THE EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL MODERNIZATION DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION DIFFERENCESINSSHAANXI PROVINCE

[目的]定量评估陕西省农业农村现代化发展水平及其时空演变特征和区域差异,以期为该省推进农业农村现代化发展提供参考。[方法]文章选择2010—2021年陕西省各区域相关指标数据作为研究样本,采取极差法、熵值法和综合评价指数法来测算不同年份下陕西省及各区域的农业农村现代化发展水平,同时结合ArcGIS软件和Dagum基尼系数法对其空间分布、区域差异以及差异来源进行深入探析。[结果](1)2010—2021年陕西省农业农村现代化发展水平在波动中略呈上升态势,其中,农业现代化增长幅度和发展速度明显高于农村现代化的增幅和速度。(2)发展优势在于农业产业体系和农村居民思想观念和生活质量发展水平提升较快,而主要短板为农业生产体系、农村基础设施和服务体系、农村治理体系和治理能力、农业经营体系现代化4个维度。(3)陕西省农业农村现代化发展水平空间分布存在较大区域差异,并表现为一定的固化态势。关中地区发展水平最高,陕北地区最低;地级市中以西安市、咸阳市最高,宝鸡市、渭南市次之,渭南市、宝鸡市和榆林市3市水平提升较快。(4)陕西省的农业农村现代化发展水平区域内和区域间差异均更加趋于平衡,其中关中区域内差异以最大,陕南发展最为均衡;从演变趋势来看,关中区域内差异变化不大,陕北逐年缩小,而陕南有增大趋势;关中—陕南、关中—陕北区域间差异大大缩小,而陕南—陕北略有增大。[结论]陕西省农业农村现代化发展仍处于初级阶段,提升空间较大。未来应加强合理布局和区域间合作交流,强化高水平区域的示范作用,打破地理和资源限制,加强多维度共同发展,因地制宜实施推动区域农业农村现代化发展。

This research is intends to quantitatively evaluate the development level,spatiotemporal evolution characteristics,and regional differences of agricultural and rural modernization in Shaanxi province,in order to provide references for promoting the development of agricultural and rural modernization in the province.The relevant index data of each region in Shaanxi province from 2010 to 2021 were selected as the research samples,and the range method,the entropy method and comprehensive evaluation index method were used to calculate the development level of agricultural and rural modernization in Shaanxi province and each region in different years.At the same time,the spatial distribution,regional differences and sources of differences were analyzed in depth by combining ARCGIS software and Dagum Gini coefficient coefficient method.The results were listed as follows.(1)From 2010 to 2021,the development level of agricultural and rural modernization in Shaanxi province showed a slight upward trend in fluctuations,with the growth rate and development speed of agricultural modernization significantly higher than that of rural modernization.(2)The development advantage lied in the rapid improvement of the agricultural industry system,rural residents'ideological concepts,and quality of life development level,while the main shortcomings were the four dimensions of agricultural production system,rural infrastructure and service system,rural governance system and governance capacity,and modernization of agricultural management system.(3)There were significant regional differences in the spatial distribution of agricultural and rural modernization development levels in Shaanxi province,and it showed a certain solidification trend.The development level in the Guanzhong region was the highest,while in the northern Shaanxi region it was the lowest;Among Prefecture-level city,Xi'an city and Xianyang city were the highest,followed by Baoji city and Weinan city,and Weinan city,Baoji city and Yulin city improved rapidly.(4)The development level of agricultural and rural modernization in Shaanxi province was more balanced within and between regions,with the largest regional difference in Guanzhong and the most balanced development in southern Shaanxi;From the perspective of evolution trend,the regional difference in Guanzhong did not change much.The difference in northern Shaanxi was shrinking year by year,while that in southern Shaanxi was increasing;The regional differences between Guanzhong-Shannan and Guanzhong-Shanbei greatly reduced,while the differences between Shannan-Shanbei slightly increased.Therefore,the modernization development of agriculture and rural areas in Shaanxi province is still in its early stages,and there is significant room for improvement.In the future,we should strengthen rational layout and regional cooperation and exchange,strengthen the demonstration role of high-level regions,break geographical and resource constraints,strengthen multi-dimensional common development,and implement measures tailored to local conditions to promote the modernization of regional agriculture and rural development.