英汉形容词句法中的微量程度副词

Minimal degree adverbs in the adjective syntax of English and Chinese

本文根据形容词的功能核心分析法讨论英、汉语微量程度副词a bit和“有点儿”的语法身份及其与相关量度范畴和形容词的共现限制。a bit和“有点儿”中的“(一)点儿”都是形容词的度量论元,“微量”来自度量论元中的核心成分a和“一”,句中的be和“有”都是谓性范畴,结构的动词性来自谓性范畴,副词性来自引入度量论元的量度范畴。不同特征的量度范畴可以共现,微量义的度量论元排斥最大标准特征的绝对形容词,对形容词的感情义不敏感,形容词也没有偏离预期标准。研究表明不同特征的同类功能范畴可以共现,特征匹配的两个成分可以共现。

The paper discusses the grammatical status of the minimal degree adverbs(MDAs)"a bit"and"youdianr"and applies a functional head analysis of adjectives to analyse the co-occurrence constraints between these adverbs and both Deg(ree)s and adjectives."A bit"and"yidianr"are Measures of adjectives,""be"and"you"are Pr(edicate)heads.The meaning'minimality"comes from the head elements"a"and"yr'of Measures,the verbal property of the structures from the Prs,and the adverbial property from Degs.Degs with different features can co-occur.Minimal Measures cannot co-occur with absolute adjectives with the maximum respective standard features.MDAs are not sensitive to the affective meaning of adjectives,and the adjective extended by the Deg does not deviate from the expected standards.This study shows that functional categories with different features can co-occur,as can the elements with features that match.