云南普朗铜矿周边优势草本根际土壤养分与细菌群落结构特征

Rhizosphere soil nutrients and bacterial community structures of dominant herbs around Pulang Copper Mine in Yunnan Province

【背景】矿产开采会对矿场周边生态环境造成严重影响,探究矿场周边土壤养分及细菌群落结构特点对矿区周边植被恢复具有重要意义。【目的】探究云南香格里拉普朗铜矿矿场周边不同小生境的土壤养分与细菌群落结构特征。【方法】以普朗铜矿周边4个小生境(亚高山草甸、山谷草地、矿山林地和亚高山林地)夏季和冬季优势草本植物的根际土壤为研究对象,分析根际土壤的养分与细菌群落结构特征。【结果】矿山林地的草本根际土壤养分含量最高,总体处于中等及以上水平。普朗铜矿周边4个小生境土壤细菌的优势菌门分别为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),相对丰度占比为11.7%-60.4%,优势菌属分别为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、阿菲波菌属(Afipia)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),相对丰度占比为6.1%-53.6%。Mantel分析结果表明,在细菌属水平分类下,土壤有机质对土壤细菌群落有显著影响。【结论】夏季土壤细菌群落相对丰度显著高于冬季(P<0.05),但夏冬两季普朗铜矿周边4个小生境之间的土壤细菌群落相对丰度和多样性无显著性差异(P>0.05)。本研究将有助于拓展对矿山生态系统的认识,可为矿区植被恢复和土壤污染治理提供理论依据。

[Background]Mining practices has a serious impact on the eco-environment around the mine.It is of great significance to explore the characteristics of soil nutrients and bacterial community structure around the mine for vegetation restoration.[Objective]To explore the characteristics of soil nutrients and bacterial community structures in different habitats around the Pulang Copper Mine in Shangri-La,Yunnan province.[Methods]The rhizosphere soil samples of dominant herbaceous plants were collected from four habitats(subalpine meadow,valley meadow,mine woodland,and subalpine woodland)around the Pulang Copper Mine to reveal the characteristics of soil nutrients and bacterial community structures of different habitats around the mine.[Results]The soil samples from the mine woodland had the highest nutrient content,which generally reached the medium or above level.Acidobacteriota,Actinobacteriota,and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla of soil bacteria in the four habitats around the mine,with relative abundance ranging from 11.7%to 60.4%.Bradyrhizobium,Afipia,and Arthrobacter were the dominant genera,with relative abundance ranging from 6.1%to 53.6%.Mantel test results showed that soil organic matter had significant effects on the soil bacterial community structure at the genus level.[Conclusion]The results suggested that soil bacterial abundance was higher in summer than in winter(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in soil bacterial relative abundance and diversity between the four habitats around the Pulang Copper Mine in summer and winter(P>0.05).The findings contribute to the understanding of mine ecosystems and provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration and soil pollution treatment in mining areas.