乡村休闲旅游政策的量化评价与发展展望

Quanttative Evaluation of and Outlook on Rural Leisure Tourism Policy

乡村休闲旅游政策是提振乡村发展活力、推动乡村富民产业发展的战略性调整手段之一。文章选取2012年11月-2022年12月中央层面发布的137份乡村休闲旅游政策文件作为研究对象,通过构建政策结构、政策工具、政策效力的三维分析框架,运用社会网络分析法、政策工具法以及政策一致性指数模型,以定性分析和定量分析相结合的研究方式对乡村休闲旅游政策的优势和不足进行分析。研究发现:从政策结构来看,政策数量总体呈波动式上升,政策主体存在部分集聚现象;从政策工具来看,呈现出重供给型和环境型、轻需求型特征;从政策效力来看,整体处于良好及以上水平,部分政策在政策作用方式、政策措施等方面存在提升空间。为此,该研究从以下3个方面提出我国乡村休闲旅游政策后续发展的政策优化展望:一是政策主体,实现多部门、多层级的深化合作与协同联动,以政策合力提升政策供给效率和供给质量;二是政策工具,打造供给型、需求型、环境型相互配合的政策工具体系,优化政策工具类型与内部结构;三是政策内容,从政策监管纠偏、绩效量化、双向反馈等层面提升政策精准性和有效性,确保政策精准落地。

Rural leisure tourism policy is one of the strategic tools to boost rural development vitality and develop industries that can enrich rural residents.Based on 137 rural leisure tourism policy documents released by the central government since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which spans from November 2012 to December 2022,this paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of these policies by constructing a three-dimensional analysis framework of policy structure,policy instruments and policy effectiveness,using social network analysis method,policy instruments analysis method and policy modeling consistency(PMC)policy effectiveness evaluation model,and combining qualitative and quantitative research methods.The study found as follows.(1)The number of policies showed an overall increase in fluctuation from the perspective of policy structure and policy subjects were partially the same.(2)From the perspective of policy instruments,supply-side and environmental policy instruments were preferred,with less attention to demand-side ones.(3)In terms of policy effectiveness,results of these policies were good or even better when taken as a whole,while some policies have room for improvement in such areas as how they work and how they are implemented.Thus,this paper presented an outlook on the improvement of China's future policies in the field of rural leisure tourism from the following three aspects.First,the policy subject,to achieve multi-sectoral and multi-level deepening cooperation and collaborative linkage,to improve the efficiency and quality of policy supply.Second,policy tools,to create a supplytype,demand-type,and environment-type policy tool system that cooperates with each other,and optimize the type and internal structure of policy tools.The third is the content of the policy,which improves the accuracy and effectiveness of the policy from the aspects of policy supervision correction,performance quantification and bidirectional feedback,so as to ensure the accurate implementation of the policy.