南山国家公园生态系统服务对居民福祉的影响及其异质性研究

Research on the impact of ecosystem services on residents'well-being and its heterogeneity in Nanshan National Park

厘清生态系统服务与居民福祉的深层次关系,是扎实推进国家公园生态文明建设、促进人与自然和谐共生的重要参考依据。本文以南山国家公园为例,首先采用生态系统服务价值修正模型核算2000—2021年生态系统服务价值,继而基于人类居民福祉框架识别案例地居民福祉水平,最后通过相关分析和面板分位数回归模型探讨不同类型生态系统服务的居民福祉效应及其异质性特征。结果表明:(1)2000—2021年间,南山国家公园生态系统服务价值变化整体呈“先下降后上升”趋势,变化率为-0.049%。(2)南山国家公园居民福祉水平显著提升,2000—2021年居民福祉指数增幅高达49.8%,2020年后以高福祉层为主,收入福祉低成为抑制居民福祉水平提升的关键要素。(3)生态系统服务价值与居民福祉呈正相关关系,但对健康福祉、教育福祉、收入福祉的影响存在异质性,其中与健康福祉、收入福祉的正相关表现相对较强。(4)生态系统服务福祉效应具有层级异质性,伴随着居民福祉层级递增,生态系统服务价值正效应逐渐强化,林地成为影响居民福祉的关键生态系统。

Clarifying the deep-rooted relationship between ecosystem services and residents'well-being is a crucial reference for advancing the ecological civilization construction of national parks and promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Taking Nanshan National Park as an example,this study first calculates the value of ecosystem services from 2000 to 2021 using a modified ecosystem service value model.It then identifies the well-being level of residents in the case study area based on the well-being framework.Finally,it explores the well-being effects of different types of ecosystem services and their heterogeneity characteristics through correlation analysis and panel quantile regression models.The results show that:(1)Between 2000 and 2021,the value of ecosystem services in Nanshan National Park exhibited an overall trend of"first declining and then rising",with a change rate of-0.049%.(2)The well-being level of residents in Nanshan National Park improved significantly,with the well-being index increasing by 49.8%from 2000 to 2021.After 2020,the well-being level was predominantly high,yet low-income dimension of well-being became the key factor inhibiting the improvement of residents'well-being levels.(3)The value of ecosystem services is positively correlated with residents'well-being,but the impact on health well-being,educational well-being,and income well-being shows heterogeneity,with relatively strong positive associations with health well-being and income well-being.(4)The well-being effects of ecosystem services exhibit heterogeneity in different hierarchical levels;as the wellbeing level increases,the positive effects of ecosystem service values gradually strengthen,with forestland becoming the key ecosystem affecting residents'well-being.