创造何以战胜死亡:莎翁十四行诗中的死亡观

Defeating Death by Creation:the Concept of Death in Shakespeare's Sonnets

“以创造战胜死亡”是莎士比亚十四行诗的一个重要主题,在这组诗中,创造的方式有两种:一是人类自身的繁衍;二是文学艺术的创造。诗人在纷繁芜杂的现实中提取“真善美”,建立秩序,从而创造了诗人的小宇宙。《旧约》也同样反复强调以“生儿育女”和“建立秩序”两种方式战胜死亡。莎士比亚诗中这种“以创造战胜死亡”的主题与《旧约》中源自希伯来文化的死亡观有着明显的传承关系,又在古希腊罗马哲学思想影响下产生了变化。通过分析莎翁十四行诗中的死亡观,可以看到两希文明在文艺复兴时期的冲突与交融。

"Defeating death by creation"is a significant theme in Shakespeare's sonnets.In this group of poems,there are two ways of creation:the first is the reproduction of human beings,and the second is artistic creation.By distilling"fair,kind and true"from the chaos of reality,the poet establishes order,and thus creates his microcosm in poems.The Old Testament also lays emphasis on the notion of defeating death by reproduction.This concept of"defeating death by creation"in Shakespeare's poems has a clear inheritance from the concept of death in the Old Testament,which originates from the Hebrew culture and changes under the influence of ancient Greco-Roman philosophical thought.By analyzing the concept of death in Shakespeare's sonnets,we can see the clash and convergence of the two ancient civilizations during the Renaissance.