2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素

Analysis of vitamin A level and its influencing factors among students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021

目的 分析2021年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(简称“学生营养改善计划”)监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素。方法 血清维生素A浓度0.2~0.3μg/mL定义为维生素A边缘性缺乏,<0.2μg/mL定义为维生素A缺乏,将维生素A边缘缺乏和缺乏合并为维生素A不足。对“学生营养改善计划”监测地区6~17岁中小学生开展问卷调查、体格检测和实验室检查,分析其维生素A水平及影响因素。结果 45 702名中小学生维生素A的均值为0.37(0.31,0.44)μg/mL,维生素A边缘缺乏率为18.3%,缺乏率为1.0%。不同性别、年龄组、学校所在地的中小学生维生素A营养状况存在差异。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示6~<9岁年龄组(OR=3.892, 95%CI:3.303~4.587,P<0.001)、学校位于农村(OR=1.148, 95%CI:1.072~1.229,P<0.001)、父母一方及以上在外务工(OR=1.234, 95%CI:1.153~1.321,P<0.001)、母亲文化程度在高中及以下(OR=1.169,95%CI:1.046~1.306,P=0.006)、无法保证每天都喝奶(OR=1.155, 95%CI:1.075~1.240,P<0.001)、蔬菜摄入<4种/d(OR=1.081, 95%CI:1.006~1.163,P=0.034)的中小学生维生素A不足的风险增加。结论 2021年“学生营养改善计划”学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A边缘缺乏率较高,且低年龄段儿童更易发生维生素A边缘缺乏或维生素A缺乏。母亲文化程度、奶类和蔬菜摄入情况等是维生素A缺乏的潜在影响因素,需社会予以关注和重视。

Objective To analyze the vitamin A levels and influencing factors among students in the monitoring areas of the Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2021.Methods Serum vitamin A concentration 0.2-0.3μg/mL is defined as marginal vitamin A deficiency,<0.2μg/mL is defined as vitamin A deficiency,>0.3μg/mL is defined as vitamin A insufficient.In the monitoring area of the Nutritional Improvement Program,questionnaire surveys,physical examinations,and laboratory tests were conducted on primary and secondary school students aged 6-17 and their vitamin A levels and influencing factors were analyzed.Results Totally 45702 primary and secondary school students were included in this study.The average of serum vitamin A level was 0.37(0.31-0.44)μg/mL,the marginal deficiency rate was 18.3%,and the deficiency rate was 1.0%.Differences in vitamin A nutritional status were observed across different genders,ages,and school locations.Logistic regression model revealed that students aged 6-<9 years(OR=3.892,95%CI:3.303-4.587,P<0.001),whose schools are located in rural areas(OR=1.148,95%CI:1.072-1.229,P<0.001),parents working outside(OR=1.234,95%CI:1.153-1.321,P<0.001)and students with lower maternal education levels(OR=1.169,95%CI:1.046-1.306,P=0.006),students who could not guarantee to drink milk every day(OR=1.155,95%CI:1.075-1.240,P<0.001)and consume less than 4 kinds of vegetables per day(OR=1.081,95%CI:1.006-1.163,P=0.034)have an increased risk of vitamin A deficiency.Conclusions The prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency among students in monitoring areas in 2021 was still high,especially among younger children.Maternal education level,intake of milk and vegetables are potential influencing factors of vitamin A deficiency,which need to be paid attention to by all sectors of society.