博物馆学:关于博物馆的科学

Museology:A Scientific Discipline about Museum

本文是以德语出版的《博物馆手册:使命任务观点》中的一个章节。文章梳理了作为科学学科的现代博物馆学诞生发展的历史。现代博物馆学的建立以1965年捷克博物馆学家斯坦斯基在布鲁诺会议上的论文为起始。斯坦斯基的理论在中欧影响深远,并发展出了研究博物馆现实的博物馆学这一派别。冷战期间,东西阵营的博物馆学家长期对立,国际博物馆协会博物馆学专业委员会的成立使来自不同阵营国家的博物馆学家可以自由交换观点。在中欧一系之外还并行发展着其他博物馆学派别,如研究博物馆的博物馆学、研究博物馆社会角色的博物馆学以及作为遗产研究一部分的博物馆学等,它们共同拓展了博物馆学的研究广度和理论视野。

As excerpted from Handbuch Museum:Geschichte,Aufgabe,Perspektiven published in German,this article outlines the history of modern museology as a scientific discipline.The establishment of modern museology is marked by the paper published by Czech museologist Zbynek Stransky at the symposium in Brno in 1965.Stransky's theories had a profound influence across Central Europe,which led to the emergence of a distinct school of museology focused on the study of the museum reality.During the Cold War,museologists from the Eastern and Western camps were often caught up in ideological conflicts.This situation persisted until the establishment of the International Council of Museums'International Committee for Museology(ICOM-ICOFOM),which provided a platform for museologists from diverse backgrounds to exchange viewpoints.Outside of the Central Europe,other schools of museology also developed in parallel,such as museology in research of the museum,the social functions of museums and museum as a part of heritage study.Together,they expanded the scope of study and perspective of museology as a whole.