湖北省宜昌市女性乳腺癌防治素养现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the status of breast cancer literacy and its influencing factors among women in Yichang City

目的分析湖北省宜昌市女性乳腺癌防治素养水平及其影响因素,为今后乳腺癌的健康宣教工作提供参考依据。方法于2022年4月采用分层随机抽样方法在宜昌市随机抽取调查对象进行问卷调查,描述性分析宜昌市女性乳腺癌防治素养水平现状,并应用多重线性回归法分析其影响因素。结果共发放问卷651份,有效问卷585份,回收有效率为89.86%。女性乳腺癌防治素养总体得分为(37.85±8.68)分,基本知识与态度及乳腺癌一、二、三级预防素养得分分别为(6.18±2.94)分、(4.40±2.38)分、(8.40±2.48)分、(18.88±5.15)分。单因素分析结果显示,在不同年龄(F=5.505)、居住地(t=-5.258)、文化程度(F=37.283)、职业类型(F=12.802)、家庭年收入(F=8.823)、乳腺癌宣传知识来源形式数量(F=26.512),是否家里有人从事医疗卫生行业(t=5.235),以及是否听说过家人、朋友、同事或邻居有乳腺癌病史(F=21.087)的女性中,乳腺癌防治素养总分比较,差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.05);多重线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度越高(以小学及以下为参照,初中:β=0.241;高中/中专/职业高中:β=0.392;大专及以上:β=0.597)、家庭年收入越高(以<1万元为参照,1万~3万元:β=0.153;3万~8万元:β=0.231;8万~15万元:β=0.210;≥15万元:β=0.177)以及乳腺癌宣传知识来源数量越多(以1项为参照值,2项:β=0.103;≥3项:β=0.267),则女性的乳腺癌防治素养水平越高(P均<0.05)。结论宜昌市女性乳腺癌防治素养水平有待提高,且受到多因素的影响,应加强对该地区重点人群的乳腺癌防治宣教工作。

Objective To investigate and analyze the statusof breast cancer prevention literacy and its influencing factors among women in Yichang City,and to provide a reference for the health promotion of breast cancer prevention.Methods During April 2022,a stratified random sampling was used to randomly select respondents in Yichang City.The purpose of this survey was to measure prevention literacy on breast cancer among women in Yichang,and the influencing factors were analyzed by using multiple linear regression.Results A total of 651 questionnaires were distributed,and 585 of them were valid with a return rate of 89.86%.The total score of prevention literacy on breast cancer of women was(37.85±8.68)points.The sub-scores for basic knowledge and concepts,primary prevention,secondary preventionand tertiary prevention were(6.18±2.94)points,(4.40±2.38)points,(8.40±2.48)points,(18.88±5.15)points,respectively.Univariate analysis results showed that statistical significant differences in breast cancer prevention literacy scores were found among women in different ages(F=5.505),residential areas(t=-5.258),educational levels(F=37.283),occupational types(F=12.802),annual family income(F=8.823),the number of sources of breast cancer awareness information(F=26.512),whether there had a healthcare professional in the family(t=5.235),and whether they had heard of a family member,friend,colleague,or neighbor with a history of breast cancer(F=21.087)(all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that higher educational levels(referemce:primary school and below;middle school:β=0.241;senior high school:β=0.392;junior college:β=0.597),higher family income(reference:<10000 RMB,10000~30000 RMB:β=0.153;30000~80000 RMB:β=0.231;80000~150000 RMB:β=0.210;≥150000 RMB:β=0.177),and a greater number of sources of breast cancer awareness information(reference:1 item;2 items:β=0.103;≥3 items:β=0.267)were associated with higher levels of breast cancer prevention literacy among women(all P<0.05).Conclusion Breast cancerprevention literacy among women in Yichang needs to be improved based on its influencing factors.It should be targeted to strengthen breast cancer prevention literacy education for key populations in the region.