风险预防原则在国际海底区域矿产资源开发中的适用问题研究

Research on the application of precautionary principles in the development of mineralresources in the international seabed area

随着国际海底区域矿产资源开发技术和装备日渐成熟,深海采矿逐渐商业化,但随之而来的海洋环境问题迫使人类不得不暂缓脚步。开发规章规定在“区域”活动中适用风险预防原则来保护海洋环境,但具体实施路径仍有待探索。分析国际海底区域的环境风险,结合“区域”环境保护领域相关立法及实践总结归纳风险预防措施。借助科技、经济因素确立风险阈值;统筹国际国内深海采矿立法,建立、健全风险预防原则追责机制;加强公众参与,保障决策透明度将有助于风险预防原则的贯彻和执行,符合国际海底管理局管理“区域”矿产资源的使命。将风险预防原则纳入我国环境保护法律体系,维护我国在国际海底区域的合法权益。

With the increasingly mature technology and equipment for the development of mineral resources in the international seabed areas,the commercialization of deep-sea mining is constantly approaching reality.However,the marine environmental risks brought by mining force humanity to temporarily delay the commercialization of deep-sea mining.The exploitation regulation stipulate the application of precautionary principles in the international seabed areas activities to protect the marine environment,but the specific implementation path still needs to be explored.Analyze the environmental risks in the international seabed areas,summarize precautionary measures based on relevant legislation and practices in the field of environmental protection in the international seabed areas.Establishing risk thresholds through technological and economic factors;Coordinate international and domestic deep-sea mining legislation,establish precautionary principles and accountability mechanisms;Strengthening public participation and ensuring transparency in decision-making will contribute to the implementation of the precautionary principles,in line with the mission of the ISA to manage mineral resources in the international seabed areas.Incorporate the principle of risk prevention into China’s environmental protection legal system,safeguard China’s legitimate rights and interests in the international seabed areas.