论五四时期北京《晨报》的媒介批评实践及话语特色

On the Media Criticism Practice and Discourse Characteristics of Morning Post in Beijing During the May Fourth Period

重视开展媒介批评是五四时期北京《晨报》一个十分突出的新闻理论建构形式与话语实践。该报曾对当时中国新闻界普遍存在的社会新闻低俗、国际新闻缺乏、新闻报道失实、事实与议论混杂的新闻写作方式等问题进行尖锐的抨击;对社会势力收买新闻媒体、记者借新闻报道谋取私利、记者缺乏科学常识却又不懂装懂诸多不良现象,从表现和成因等多个方面,进行了鞭辟入里的揭露和分析,以期引起社会的注意和媒体的反省。自觉的主体意识、强烈的现实关怀、浓郁的批判色彩、开阔的世界视野、平等的对话空间、多样的批评形式,是五四时期北京《晨报》媒介批评实践的主要话语特色。五四时期《晨报》的媒介批评具有整体性的意义,是当时中国新闻传播事业彰显自身本质存在与发展内在逻辑的一种理论话语反映。

Attaching importance to media criticism is a very prominent form of news theory construction and discourse practice of Morning Post in Beijing during the May Fourth Period.The newspaper once sharply criticized the prevailing problems in the Chinese press at that time,such as the vulgar social news,the lack of international news,the inaccurate news report,the way of writing news with mixed facts and opinions and so on.It also penetratingly disclosed and analyzed the manifestations and causes of many undesirable phenomena,for example,social forces bought the news media,journalists sought personal gains through news reports,and journalists lacked scientific knowledge but pretended to understand they didn't know.All these showed that the newspaper hoped to attract the attention of the society and the reflection of the media.Conscious subject consciousness,strong realistic concern,strong critical color,broad world vision,equal dialogue space and diverse forms of criticism are the main discourse characteristics of media criticism practice of Morning Post in Beijing during the May Fourth Period.The media criticism of Morning Post in the May Fourth Period has a holistic significance,which is a theoretical discourse reflection that revealed the intrinsic existence and developed the internal logic of journalism and communication in China.