无阿片麻醉在小儿手术应用的研究进展

Research Progress of Application of Opioid-free Anesthesia in Pediatric Surgery

阿片类药物可导致呼吸抑制,因此可通过限制阿片类药物的使用降低其相关风险,儿童是该药使用的重点关注人群。随着多模式镇痛和加速康复外科的发展,无阿片麻醉(OFA)的临床应用越来越多,其常用药物有α_(2)受体激动剂、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、非甾体抗炎药、局部麻醉药,主要应用方式为椎管内阻滞、外周神经阻滞和局部浸润。目前已知成人OFA的效果较好,但有关OFA在小儿手术中应用的研究较少,未来还需对OFA在小儿手术中的应用及其获益进行深入研究。

Opioids can lead to respiratory depression,so the related risks can be reduced by limiting the use of opioids.Children are a focus for the use of opioids.With the development of multimodal analgesia and accelerated rehabilitation surgery,the clinical application of opioid-free anesthesia(OFA)has become more and more popular,and the commonly used drugs include α_(2) receptor agonists,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and local anesthetics,with the main application methods of intraspinal block,peripheral nerve block,and local infiltration.At present,the effect of adult OFA is known to be good,while there are few studies on the application of OFA in pediatric surgery.In the future,the application and benefits of OFA in pediatric surgery need to be further studied.