姜黄素及其新型制剂在白内障中的研究进展

Research Progress of Curcumin and Its Novel Formulations in Cataract

姜黄素是从姜黄、郁金、莪术、菖蒲等天然植物中提取的活性单体成分,具有多种药理作用且无明显毒性。目前发现,姜黄素在预防或延缓白内障方面具有良好的潜力。其主要机制包括抗氧化应激和脂质过氧化,调节钙稳态和晶状体蛋白,抑制晶状体上皮细胞增殖、迁移、上皮-间充质转化和醛糖还原酶活性。姜黄素存在水溶性差、稳定性低、体内清除率快等缺点,限制了其临床应用,但近年来其新型制剂的开发在很大程度上提高了其生物利用度和药效。未来有望发现姜黄素新的作用靶点和机制,开发出更有效的新型制剂,并将其向临床转化,为白内障的防治提供新思路。

Curcumin is an active monomer extracted from natural plants such as carcuma longa,radix curcumae,curcuma zedoaria and calamus.It has many pharmacological effects and no obvious toxicity.At present,it has been found that curcumin has a good potential in preventing or delaying cataract.Its main mechanisms include anti-oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation,regulation of calcium homeostasis and lens protein,inhibition of proliferation,migration,epithelial-interstitial transformation and aldose reductase activity of lens epithelial cells.Curcumin has some disadvantages,such as poor water solubility,low stability and fast clearance in vivo,which limit its clinical application,but the development of new formulations has greatly improved its bioavailability and efficacy in recent years.In the future,it is expected to discover new targets and mechanisms of curcumin,develop more effective novel formulations,and transform them to the clinical practice,providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cataract.