主体性问题与“日本哲学史”探索转向——“日本哲学史”仅以近现代文本为对象探因

The Subjectivity Issue and the Exploration Turn of"History of Japanese Philosophy":Why do Japanese Scholars Choose only the Texts after Meiji?

20世纪30年代中期之后,日本学界关于“日本哲学史”的探索从最初立足于对明治以前经典文献的考察与阐述,转向了以明治后的文本为对象的研究,这种转向的根本原因源于对日本主体性的追求。由于意识到明治以前的日本经典文献只是以汉学为主体进行的论说,为了寻求所谓的日本性,日本学界将明治之前与之后的学术史进行区别对待,把近代以前的文献归入“日本思想史”研究领域,只将近代以后引进和接受西方哲学过程中出现的哲学文献作为“日本哲学史”研究对象,这导致迄今尚未出现一部得到普遍认可的通史性“日本哲学史”。这一极具日本特色的学术现象在形式上体现为日本学界对何谓“哲学”的认识分歧,实质则是学者们寻求确立日本哲学与思想“主体性”而采取的无奈快择。

After the mid-1930s,the exploration of Japanese scholars into"the history of Japanese philosophy"shifted from focusing on the investigation and exposition of classical documents of the pre-Meiji period onto studying texts of the post-Meiji period.This shift was promoted by a pursuit of Japanese subjectivity.Japanese scholars realized that classical documents before the Meiji period had been predominantly developed against a Chinese background.With this awareness,they intentionally divided Japanese academic history into a premodern and a modern era,with the very aim of seeking a so-called"Japanese subjectivity."However,such a deliberate division resulted in the absence of any universally-accepted"comprehensive history of Japanese philosophy."This peculiar phenomenon in the Japanese academia,which is characterized by a divergence on how to understand"philosophy,"discloses a reluctant choice of Japanese scholars to establish the"subjectivity"of Japanese philosophy and thought in face of the modern era.