我国考古遗址公园实践研究进展及其对遗产话语体系重构的价值

China's Practice and Research in Archaeological Site Parks and Its Value for the Reconstruction of Heritage Discourse System

西方权威遗产话语是西方文化传统的产物,存在忽视东方文化遗产价值的问题,制约了我国文化遗产国际影响力的提升。我国于20世纪50年代开始以公园形式保护文化遗产,现已形成初具规模的国家考古遗址公园体系。我国文化遗产及其保护具有鲜明的本土特色:时空和遗产价值的宏大性和连续性,遗址本体以土为主的低辨识度和脆弱性,以及遗产保护和遗址公园化建设的动态性和创新性。文化遗产保护起步较晚、经济文化发展不平衡的国家和地区在遗产保护中面临着诸多共性问题。我国国家考古遗址公园的实践经验和理论体系为遗产保护和遗产话语体系构建提供了中国方案:丰富国际化的术语体系,秉承以人为本的管理制度,坚持以址为园的全要素保护理念,加强“物”到“非物”的数字化战略。

The Authoritative Heritage Discourse(AHD),originating from the West,tends to overlook the value of Eastern cultural heritage,limiting China's cultural influence globally.In the 195Os,China initiated cultural heritage sites protection through park-based approaches,resulting in the establishment of a national system of archaeological site parks.China's cultural heritage and protection shows distinct local characteristics:temporal-spatial breadth and continuity,low recognizability and fragility of earthen sites,and dynamism and innovation in heritage protection.Countries and regions with a late start in cultural heritage protection and uneven economic and cultural development face many common challenges.China's experience with national archaeological site parks offers valuable insights for constructing a comprehensive heritage protection system.Key components include enriching international terminology,prioritizing people-centered management,adhering to a holistic site-as-park protection,and advancing digitization strategies from "material"to "immaterial"aspects.