我国地方政府性债务风险的定位、根源与法治化应对

The Orientation,Root Cause and Legal Response of Local Government Debt Risk in China

近年来,伴随着经济下行压力加大和土地财政问题凸显,地方政府性债务问题日渐突出。我国地方政府性债务分为显性债务和隐性债务,总体呈现出存量较大、债务关系复杂多元、流动性风险和区域性风险交织等特征。地方政府性债务风险产生原因较为复杂,其中,地方政府财权与事权的错位是根本原因,监管缺位是重要原因,经济下行背景下政府财政收入减少是直接原因。解决地方政府性债务问题,需要以法治化理念为指导,并从短期和长期两个视角分别着手。短期来看,需要强化《预算法》的刚性约束,出台指导化解存量债务的规范性文件。长期来看,需要健全法治化治理的制度机制,包括立法推进央地财税体制改革、完善地方政府自主财政制度、加强对地方政府性债务的有效管理、构建市场化的债务运行机制等。

In recent years,with the increasing downward pressure on the economy and the prominence of land financial problems,the problem of local government debt has become increasingly prominent.Local government debt in China is divided into explicit debt and recessive debt,which generally presents the characteristics of large scale,complex and diversified debt relationship,liquidity risk and regional risk superposition.The causes of local government debt risk are more complex,among which,the dislocation of local government financial power and administrative power is the fundamental cause,and the absence of supervision is an important cause,and the reduction of government revenue in the context of economic downward is the direct cause.To solve the problem of local government debt,we need to be guided by the concept of the rule of law and deal with it from both short-term and long-term perspectives.In the short term,it is necessary to strengthen the rigid constraints of the"budget law"and issue normative documents to guide the resolution of stock debts.In the long run,it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanism of the rule of law,including orderly promoting the reform of the fiscal and taxation system between central and local governments,improving the independent financial system of local governments,strengthening the effective management of local government debt,building a market-oriented debt operation mechanism and so on.