自主平衡恢复过程中姿势调控反应时与运动时的增龄性变化研究

Study on the aging change of postural control reaction time and movement time during adaptive balance

目的:观察人体在失稳后的自主平衡恢复过程中姿势调控反应时间与运动时间的增龄趋势与年龄敏感性变化区。方法:使用DE-A体感平衡检测系统对20—79岁的健康成年受试者97例进行姿势调控时间测试,包括在静态平衡与动态平衡状态下的支撑面前倾、后倾、左倾和右倾失稳应激时的姿势调控反应时与运动时测试,并记录所有测试的各姿势调控时间指标。按照10岁为一年龄分段将受试者依次分为6个年龄组,其中组1(20—29岁)为16例、组2(30—39岁)为10例、组3(40—49岁)为17例、组4(50—59岁)为18例、组5(60—69岁)为31例、组6(70—79岁)为5例,观察姿势调控反应时与运动时的增龄变化,并分析其年龄敏感变化区。结果:姿势调控反应时和运动时随年龄增长呈现延长趋势。静态平衡状态下,组6的各反应时和运动时均较组1—5长,与组1—4比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),与组5比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);组5的各反应时和运动时均较组1—4长,且均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);组4的各反应时和运动时均较组1—3长,支撑面右倾时的反应时与组1比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其余指标组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);组3的各反应时和运动时均较组1—2长,支撑面左倾时的运动时与组1比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其余指标组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);组2的各反应时和运动时与组1比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。动态平衡状态下,组6的各反应时和运动时均较组1—5长,与组1—4比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),与组5比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);组5的各反应时和运动时均较组1—4长,且均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);组4的各反应时和运动时均较组1—3长,支撑面左倾时的反应时与组1比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),其余指标组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而支撑面后倾和左倾的运动时与组2比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其余指标组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);组3的各反应时和运动时均较组1—2长,各运动时与组1比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而各反应时与组1比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);组2的各反应时和运动时与组1比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:人体在失稳后的自主平衡恢复过程中姿势调控反应时和运动时随年龄增长而逐渐延长。静态平衡恢复的姿势调控反应时和运动时可能在60岁左右开始出现明显恶化,而动态平衡恢复的姿势调控反应时与运动时可能分别在50岁左右和40岁左右便开始出现明显恶化。

Objective:To observe the aging-related trends and age-sensitive changes in postural control reaction time(RT)and movement time(MT)during the adaptive balance after instability.Method:A total of 97 healthy adult subjects aged 20-79 were tested for posture control time using the DE-A somatosensory balance detection system.The test included postural adjustment RT and MT during the adaptive balance(e.g.forward,backward,left and right)tilts of the support surface under static and dynamic balance states.The subjects were sequentially divided into six age groups based on 10-year age intervals,with 16 in Group 1(20—29 years),10 in Group 2(30—39 years),17 in Group 3(40—49 years),18 in Group 4(50—59 years),31 in Group 5(60—69 years)and 5 in Group 6(70—79 years).The age-related trends and age-sensitive changes in postural control RT and MT were observed and analyzed.Result:The postural control RT and MT increased with age.In static balance,all RT and MT indicators were longer in group 6 than in groups 1 to 5,with significant differences compared with groups 1 to 4(P<0.05)but no significant differences compared to group 5(P>0.05).All RT and MT indicators were longer in group 5 than in groups 1 to 4,and there were significant differences(P<0.05).All RT and MT indicators were longer in group 4 than in groups 1 to 3,with a significant difference compared with group 1 in RT when the support surface was tilted to the right(P<0.05),but no significant differences between groups for the remaining indicators(P>0.05).All RT and MT indicators were longer in group 3 than in groups 1 to 2,with a significant difference compared with group 1 in MT when the support surface was tilted to the left(P<0.05),but no significant differences between groups for the remaining indicators(P>0.05).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)between group 2 in all RT and in MT compared with group 1.In dynamic balance,all RT and MT indicators were longer in group 6 than in groups 1 to 5,with significant differences compared with groups 1 to 4(P<0.05)but no significant differences compared with group 5(P>0.05).All RT and MT indicators were longer in group 5 than in groups 1 to 4,but there were no significant differences(P>0.05).All RT indicators were longer in group 4 than in groups 1 to 3,with no significant differences compared with group 1 in RT when the support surface was tilted to the left(P>0.05),while there were significant differences between groups for the remaining RT indicators(P<0.05).All MT indicators were longer in group 4 than in groups 1 to 3,with significant differences compared with group 2 in MT when the support surface was tilted to the back and left(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between groups for the remaining RT indicators(P>0.05).All RT indicators were longer in group 3 than in groups 1 to 2,with no significant dfferences compared with group 1(P>0.05).All MT indicators were longer in group 3 than in groups 1 to 2,with significant differences compared with group 1(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between group 2 in all RT and in MT compared with group 1(P>0.05).Conclusion:The postural control RT and MT during the adaptive balance after instability gradually increase with aging.The deterioration of postural control response time and motion time in static balance may start to become evident around the age of 60,while in dynamic balance,these deteriorations may begin to appear around the ages of 50 and 40,respectively.