地震诱发煤矿次生灾害类型与评估方法

Types and evaluation methods of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquake

为解决煤矿承灾体受地震灾害影响易发生次生灾害风险的问题,首先,调查和分析典型案例,归纳总结煤矿次生灾害类型与破坏特征,并基于人、机、环、管全要素,构建地震诱发煤矿次生灾害风险评估三级指标体系;然后,提出风险等级和隐患重要度评估方法;最后,以河北省某市煤矿为例开展实际应用。结果表明:地震诱发煤矿次生灾害类型按照承灾体分为6类;地震诱发煤矿次生灾害发生可能性评估主要考虑煤矿所在区域地震灾害等级、煤矿次生灾害危险性、煤层瓦斯赋存致灾性、矿井水文地质条件致灾性、承灾体设防水平、防灾减灾能力6方面,后果严重性评估主要考虑灾害可能造成的伤亡人数和经济损失2方面;该市煤矿抗震设防薄弱环节为通风系统、井筒支护系统、排水系统,应有针对性地提高抗震设防等级。

In order to solve the problem of secondary disaster risk in coal mines affected by earthquake disasters,firstly,typical cases have been investigated and analyzed,and the types and damage characteristics of secondary disasters in coal mines have been summarized.Based on the comprehensive elements of"man-machine-environment-management",a three-level indicator system for earthquake-induced secondary disaster risk assessment in coal mines has been constructed.Then,the evaluation method of risk level and importance of hidden danger has been proposed.Finally,a coal mine in a city in Hebei Province was used as an example for practical application.The results show that the types of secondary disasters induced by earthquakes in coal mines can be divided into 6 categories according to the disaster-bearing body.The assessment of the possibility of earthquake-induced coal mine secondary disasters mainly considers six aspects:the earthquake disaster level in the area where the coal mine is located,the risk of coal mine secondary disasters,the hazard of coal seam gas occurrence,the hazard of hydrogeological conditions in the mine,the level of fortification of the disaster-bearing body,and the ability to prevent and mitigate disasters.The assessment of the severity of the consequences mainly considers two aspects:the number of casualties and economic losses that may be caused by disasters.The weak links in seismic fortification of coal mines in this city are ventilation system,shaft support system,and drainage system,which should be targeted to improve seismic fortification level.