从人机对话到人机交往——人工智能大语言模型的哲学反思

From Man-Machine Dialogue to Man-Machine Communication:Philosophical Reflections on Large Language Models of Artificial Intelligence

人机对话是人机交往的技术和思想基础。文章试图从人工智能大语言模型对语言的学习与生产出发,考察人机对话和机器语言的本质及文化内涵。首先,文章回顾了语言模型的发展历程,并从行为机制、生成目的等方面指出机器语言与人类语言的异同。其次,文章进一步从语言的复制和生产的角度,指出在技术与资本的双重驱动下,人机对话实质上是语言的智能工业化生产。文章还试图通过考察人机对话中的重复与反驳来修正图灵测试。此外,人机对话中,我们需要思考机器“他者”与主体的关系问题。从语言批判理论还可以审视机器语言的灵晕和中介作用。最后,文章指出,人机对话体现了知识的加速生产,以及机器语言可能会产生的潜在风险。我们需要从人机对话走向人机交往,从一种超人类中心主义的视角来看待人机关系,这样,我们才能不跌入新的主奴关系中。

Man-machine dialogue serves as the technical and conceptual foundation for man-machine communication.This paper examines the essence and cultural connotations of man-machine dialogue and machine language,starting from the learning and production of language by artificial intelligence large language models.Firstly,the paper reviews the development of language models and highlights the similarities and differences between machine language and human language from the perspectives of behavioral mechanisms and generative purposes.Secondly,it further indicates that,driven by both technology and capital,man-machine dialogue essentially embodies the intelligent industrial production of language.The paper also aims to refine the Turing test by examining repetition and refutation in man-machine dialogue.Additionally,the relationship between the machine“other"and the subject needs to be considered in man-machine dialogue.Critical language theory can shed light on the aura and intermediary role of machine language.Finally,the paper points out that man-machine dialogue reflects the accelerated production of knowledge and the potential risks of machine language.We need to move from man-machine dialogue to man-machine communication and adopt a perspective that transcends anthropocentrism in order to avoid falling into new master-slave relationships.