北宋京师草料供应与管理

On the Supply and Management of Forage in the Capital of Northern Song Dynasty

北宋京师通过两税、和买、牧地产出、入中、献纳、市场供应等多种途径,保证朝廷草料用度。京师民间草料用度则通过商业途径实现。北宋后期京师官府草料来源逐渐从以赋税征收为主转变为以市场供应为主。草料贮藏于草料场中,京师草料场主管机构经历三司之下临时机构“提点仓场所”与元丰改制后司农寺领导下的“提点仓场司”。草料场的日常管理由监官负责,看门则有“监门官”,其下有“专知”“专副”等吏人。在草料受纳、储存和出纳过程中需保证草料的数量、质量以及预防火灾等,为此北宋实施白日“巡觑”制度与夜晚“押宿”制度。因北宋京师草料管理制度完备,京师的草料供应得到充分保障。

The capital of Northern Song Dynasty ensured the consumption of forage for the court through various ways.The consumption of forage for the folk in the capital was realized through commercial channels.In the late Northern Song Dynasty,the sources of forage for the capital gradually changed from tax collection to market supply.The forage was stored in the forage field.The daily management of the forage field was re-sponsible for the inspector,and the guard was the“inspector”,and under him were the“special knowl-edge”and“special deputy”and other officials.In the process of accepting,storing and issuing forage,the quantity and quality of forage had to be guaranteed to prevent fires,so the Northern Song Dynasty imple-mented the daytime“patrol”system and the night“stay”system.Because of the complete forage manage-ment system in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty,the supply of forage for the capital was fully guaran-teed.