重庆市江津区中小学生筛查性近视现状及影响因素分析

Current situation of screening myopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Jiangjin District,Chongqing Municipality

目的了解重庆市江津区中小学生筛查性近视患病率及其影响因素,为制定青少年近视防控政策及措施提供科学依据。方法2023年2月采用随机整群抽样的方法,在江津区共抽取中小学生5741人。调查内容涉及视力筛查与问卷调查两方面。结果江津区小、初、高筛查性近视率分别为59.30%、78.07%、89.34%,筛查性近视学生戴镜率分别为45.33%、66.93%、79.13%。筛查性近视率女生高于男生,且随学段和年级的上升而升高。其中女生、学段、父母近视、没有做眼保健操习惯、含糖饮料摄入1 d/次和户外活动时长等六个因素为近视危险因素。结论重庆市江津区中小学生筛查性近视患病率处于较高水平,多种因素影响学生近视的发生发展,提醒家长和学校应进行相关干预。

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of screening myopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Jiangjin District,Chongqing Municipality,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating policies and measures for prevention and control of juvenile myopia.Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 5,741 primary and secondary school students in Jiangjin District in February 2023.The content of the survey involved vision screening and questionnaire survey.Results The prevalence rates of screening myopia in primary,junior middle and high school students in Jiangjin District were 59.30%,78.07%and 89.34%respectively,and the rates of wearing glasses in screening myopia students from primary,junior middle and high schools were 45.33%,66.93%and 79.13%respectively.The prevalence rate of screening myopia was higher in female students than in male ones,and increased with school phase and grade level.Six factors,including female students,school phase,parents’myopia,lack of eye exercises,intake of sugary drinks for 1 day/time and length of outdoor activities,were risk factors for myopia.Conclusion The prevalence rate of screening myopia among the primary and secondary school students in Jiangjin District of Chongqing Municipality was at a high level.A variety of factors affect the occurrence and development of myopia in the students,reminding parents and schools to carry out relevant interventions.