2010—2019年武汉市洪山区学校传染病聚集性疫情流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases in schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City, 2010-2019

目的了解2010—2019年武汉市洪山区学校传染病聚集性疫情特征,为完善学校传染病预防控制措施提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学分析2010—2019年洪山区学校传染病聚集性疫情特征。结果2010—2019年武汉市洪山区共发生学校传染病聚集性疫情1568起,罹患率12.89%。报告突发公共卫生事件4起,均发生在学校。各年度学校传染病聚集性疫情的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(trend)=47.605,P<0.001),发病率逐年上升。聚集性疫情病种主要为流感样病例、手足口病、疱疹性咽峡炎和水痘,占病种总数的90.56%。发病时间在4—6月、12月至次年1月。学校传染病聚集性疫情主要发生在托幼机构和小学,占发生起数的93.69%。托幼机构发生聚集性疫情以粪-口途径传播的手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎为主,小学和中学以呼吸道传播的流感样病例和水痘为主。中学罹患率最高(22.82%),其次小学(15.55%)、大学(13.50%),幼儿园最低(11.92%),各类学校传染病聚集性疫情的罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=71.701,P<0.001)。结论2010—2019年武汉市洪山区学校传染病聚集性疫情呈上升趋势,今后在学校传染病防控工作中要因地制宜,根据不同人群、不同机构以及季节性等特征及时采取更为合适的综合性防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases in schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City during 2010-2019,and to provide a basis for developing the effective prevention and control measures.Methods The characteristics of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases in schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City during 2010-2019 were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2010 to 2019,a total of 1,568 aggregation outbreaks of infectious diseases occurred in schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City,with the incidence rate of 12.89%.Four public health emergencies were reported,all of which occurred in schools.From 2010 to 2019,the incidence rates of infectious diseases in aggregation epidemic events in schools among different years showed statistically significant differences(χ^(2)_(trend)=47.605,P<0.001),and the incidence rates increased year by year.The main kinds of infectious diseases in aggregation epidemic events were influenza-like illness cases,hand-foot-mouth disease,herpangina and chickenpox,accounting for 90.56%of total diseases.The incidence of infectious diseases occurred in April-June and December-January of next year.The epidemic events of infectious diseases mainly occurred in nurseries and primary schools,accounting for 93.69%of total outbreaks.The epidemic events in nurseries were mainly caused by hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina transmitted by the fecal-oral route,while those in primary and middle schools were mainly caused by influenza-like illness cases and varicella transmitted by the respiratory route.The attack rate of infectious diseases was found to be the highest in middle schools(22.82%),followed by primary schools(15.55%),universities(13.50%)and kindergartens(11.92%),showing statistically significant differences in the attack rates among different schools(χ^(2)=71.701,P<0.001).Conclusion The aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases in schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City during 2010-2019 showed an upward trend.Infectious disease prevention and control in schools should be adapted to local conditions in future,and more appropriate comprehensive prevention and control measures based on the characteristics of different populations,different institutions and seasonality should be taken in time.