数字化转型、技术选择与企业技术攀升

Digital transformation,technology choice and enterprise technology advancement

数字化转型赋能企业技术攀升是构建现代化产业体系的重要路径和推动经济高质量发展的关键举措。基于2012—2020年中国A股上市企业和新三板上市企业数据,探讨了数字化转型对企业技术攀升的影响及作用机理,并考察了企业技术选择对数字化转型作用效果的影响。研究发现:第一,数字化转型能显著促进企业技术攀升,其作用效果随着技术多样化水平的提高而不断增强,且该结论在一系列内生性处理和稳健性检验后仍然成立;第二,数字化转型对企业技术攀升的影响具有异质性,在低数字技术创新企业、衰退期企业、大规模企业、非国有企业以及竞争性行业中促进效果更加明显;第三,增强企业规模经济效应和范围经济效应是数字化转型发挥效能的主要路径。进一步研究表明:差异性的技术组合模式有利于强化数字化转型对企业技术攀升的促进作用;以突破式创新为主的企业进行数字化转型带来的促进效果更显著,且企业头部化发展过程要依托从渐进式创新向突破式创新演进的技术变革历程;行业间技术溢出可以促进数字化转型作用效果。研究结论为政府推动数字化转型和企业制定技术创新策略提供了有益参考。

Empowering enterprises to advance technology through digital transformation is an important path to developing a modern industrial system and promoting high-quality economic development.Based on data for China's A-share listed enterprises and New Third Board listed enterprises from 2012 to 2020,this paper discusses the impact of digital transformation on the advancement of enterprise technology,the mechanism for this effect,and the influence of enterprise's technology choice on the effect of digital transformation.The research findings are as follows.First,digital transformation can significantly promote enterprises'technology advancement,and its effect is enhanced by technological diversification;this conclusion remains valid after a series of endogenous processing and robustness tests.Second,the impact of digital transformation on the advancement of enterprise technology is heterogeneous,and the promotion effect is more obvious in enterprises in which there is a low level of digital technology innovation,those in a recessionary period,high-scale enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises,and those in competitive industries.Third,enhancing an enterprise's economies of scale and scope enhances the effectiveness of its digital transformation.The further research shows that the different patent portfolio modes are conducive to strengthening the promotional effect of digital transformation on the advancement of enterprise technology.Such transformation in which breakthrough innovation is the main factor will have a more significant promotional effect,and the cephalization of the enterprise should rely on the process of technological change from progressive to breakthrough innovation.Technology spillovers between industries can promote the effects of digital transformation.This study provides a useful reference for the government to promote digital transformation and for enterprises to formulate strategies for technological innovation.