高铁开通对城市能源利用效率的影响机制及空间溢出效应研究

Research on the influence mechanism and spatial spillover effect of the opening of high-speed railways on the energyy efficiency of cities

将高铁开通视为一项准自然实验,基于2006—2019年城市面板数据,运用多期双重差分法实证检验高铁开通对城市能源利用效率的影响,并进一步分析其影响机制及空间溢出效应。研究发现:(1)高铁开通对城市的能源利用效率具有显著的提升作用。(2)高铁开通通过提高铁路货运效率、替代公路客运、优化产业结构及促进技术创新,提升了城市的能源利用效率。(3)高铁开通对邻近城市的能源利用效率存在正向空间溢出效应,并存在800公里的空间距离衰减边界。(4)高铁开通对城市能源利用效率的提升作用在不同区域、等级、规模、资源禀赋的城市存在显著的异质性,其中对中西部城市、小城市、普通城市、资源型城市的能源利用效率提升作用更为显著;此外,高铁开通对衰退型的资源型城市能源利用效率的促进效果最大,对成熟型的资源型城市的影响次之,但对成长型和可再生型的资源型城市不存在显著性影响。研究结论为理解高铁在能源利用效率方面的作用提供了新视角和新证据,也为实现“节能减排”和“交通强国”提供了政策启示。

This study makes use of the quasi-natural experiment of the opening of high-speed rail and empirically examines its impact on the cities'energy efficiency using urban panel data from 2006 to 2019 using the multi-period difference-in-differences method;the mechanism of the impact and the spatial spillover effect are further analyzed.The study finds that(1)the opening of high-speed rail has a significant and positive effect on the energy efficiency of cities.(2)This cities'energy efficiency impact is achieved through increased efficiency of railroad freight transport,replacing road passenger transport,optimizing the industrial structure,and advancing technological innovation.(3)The opening of high-speed rail has a positive spatial spillover effect on the energy efficiency of neighboring cities,with a spatial distance attenuation boundary of 800 km.(4)The promotion effect of the opening of high-speed rail on the energy efficiency of cities has significant heterogeneity across cities depending on their regional location,grades,scales,and resource endowments.The positive impact on energy efficiency is more significant for cities in the central and western parts of the country,small cities,ordinary cities,and those with greater resource endowments.In addition,the opening of high-speed rail has the greatest effect on the promotion of energy efficiency in cities with declining resources,followed by the second largest effect on mature resource cities,but there is no significant effect on cities that are growing or endowed with renewable resources.The study's conclusions provide new perspectives and evidence for understanding the role of high-speed rail in energy efficiency and have policy insights for realizing"energy conservation and emission reduction"and"a country with strong transportation network".