同轴度测量方法综述

Overview of coaxiality measurement methods

阐述了机械结构间同轴度、光轴间同轴度、光轴与机械轴间同轴度的定义,介绍了引伸计同轴度测量方法、应变计同轴度测量方法、百分表同轴度测量方法、三坐标测量机同轴度测量方法、激光对中仪法等机械结构间同轴度测量方法的原理和优缺点;分析了干涉比较测量法、反射式定心测量法、透射直接测量法等光轴间同轴度测量方法的特点;介绍了基于图像处理和机器视觉技术的光轴与机械轴之间同轴度测量方法的原理及应用。指出机械结构间同轴度的测量方法较为传统,存在测量效率低、需要人为判断等缺点;同轴度测量技术将向高精度、自动化、非接触的方向发展。

Elaborating on the definitions of coaxiality between mechanical structures,coaxiality between optical axes,and coaxiality between optical axes and mechanical axes.It introduces the principles and advantages and disadvan⁃tages of coaxiality measurement methods for mechanical structures,such as extensometer coaxiality measurement method,strain gauge coaxiality measurement method,dial gauge coaxiality measurement method,coordinate measuring machine coaxiality measurement method,laser alignment instrument method,etc;Analyzed the characteristics of optical axis coaxiality measurement methods such as interference comparison measurement,reflective centering measurement,and di⁃rect transmission measurement;This article introduces the principle and application of a coaxiality measurement method between optical and mechanical axes based on image processing and machine vision technology.It is pointed out that the measurement method for coaxiality between mechanical structures is relatively traditional,which has disadvantages such as low measurement efficiency and the need for human judgment;Coaxiality measurement technology will develop to⁃wards high precision,automation,and non⁃contact.