中国创新能力发展趋势、困境、差距与政策建议

Development trends,current dilemmas,comparative gaps and countermeasures for China′s innovation capacity

全球创新指数报告作为创新领域广泛运用的评价指标,不仅刻画出全球创新能力发展概况,还充分体现中国创新能力发展过程中的优势与不足。通过梳理全球创新指数报告2011—2022创新能力数据,剖析全球创新能力发展趋势和中国创新能力总体格局,揭示中国创新能力在创新投入和创新产出中的优势、不足与成因,并与其他国家进行比较分析,深挖内在原因。结果表明:(1)全球创新能力发展呈现欧洲地区领跑、北美地区并跑、东亚、东南亚和大洋洲地区跟跑等特征。(2)中国综合创新能力发展趋势良好,但创新投入中存在制度支柱尚有欠缺,人力资本和研发激励尚需加强,基础设施投入尚需完备,创新产出中存在创意产出尚有不足等问题。进一步从细分指标看,中国凭借人口规模、后发国家优势和举国体制等在规模体量和数量类指标优势明显,但在生态、教育、市场和商业运行模式以及创造力方面仍有提升空间。(3)中国创新能力在制度、人力资本和研发、市场成熟度与其他国家存在差距,但在知识和技术产出、创意产出方面差距不明显。结论丰富中国创新能力评价、差距比较的相关研究,并为政府助力中国创新能力提升提供对策建议。

The Global Innovation Index(GII)report,as an evaluation index with a wide range of innovation areas,not only provides an overview of global innovation capacity trends,but also fully reflects the strengths and weaknesses of China′s innovation capacities.By combing the GII 2011-2022 innovation capacity data,this paper analyzed the trends of global innovation capacity and China′s innovation capacities in the current situation,realistic difficult position,and comparative gaps.The results showed that:(1)the development of global innovation capacity is characterized by leading by the European regions,running in parallel with the North American regions,and following by the East Asian,Southeast Asian and Oceania regions.(2)China′s comprehensive innovation capacities are on a positive trend,but there are some problems in the main pillars of innovation inputs and outputs,such as the institutions are still lacking,human capital and research,the infrastructure need to be strengthened,and the creative outputs are still insufficient.Furthermore,in terms of sub-criteria,China′s innovation capacities have a significant advantage in the indicators of scale and quantity due to its population size,latecomer advantage and national system,but there is still room for improvement in the ecology,education,market and business operation models,and creativity.(3)There are gaps between China′s innovation capacities and those of others in institutions,human capital and research,and market sophistication,but not in knowledge and technology outputs and creativity outputs.The conclusion has enriched the related research on China′s innovation capacity evaluation and comparative gaps,and will provide countermeasures for government to improve China′s innovation capacity.