人口老龄化对企业数字化转型的影响研究

Research on the impact of population aging on digital transformation of enterprises

在政府大力发展数字经济但我国企业数字化转型却进展缓慢的背景下,厘清阻碍数字化转型的因素并探寻可能的解决方案具有重要意义。本文以2008—2020年沪深A股上市公司为样本,运用中介效应模型,考察了人口老龄化对企业数字化转型的影响及作用机制。结果表明,人口老龄化对企业数字化转型具有抑制作用。机制检验发现,人口老龄化通过降低数字技术创新能力,减少数字化转型补贴以及加重超额税收负担,阻碍了企业数字化转型。异质性分析表明,人口老龄化对数字化转型的抑制作用主要体现在中小企业和非国有企业中,而提高知识产权保护水平和增强银行业竞争程度可以减弱这一负面影响。本文在理论上丰富了数字化转型影响因素和人口老龄化经济效应的相关研究;在实践上不仅为减轻老龄化的不利后果提供了决策参考,也为促进我国企业数字化转型带来积极启发。

Under the background that the government is vigorously developing the digital economy but the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises is progressing slowly,it is of great significance to clarify the factors hindering the digital transformation and explore possible solutions.Taking Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share listed firms from 2008 to 2020 as a sample,this paper used the mediator effect model to investigate the impact of population aging on enterprises′digital transformation and the mechanism behind it.The results suggested that population aging has a dampening effect on the digital transformation of enterprises.After using instrumental variable method,difference-in-differences method under the propensity score matching and dynamic panel model to alleviate the potential endogenous problems,the research conclusion is still hold true.The mechanism tests found that population aging impedes corporate digital transformation by reducing the capacity for digital technology innovation,reducing digital transformation subsidies,and increasing excess tax burden.The heterogeneity analysis showed that the dampening effect of population ageing on digital transformation is mainly found in SMEs and non-state-owned firms,but this negative effect can be attenuated by increasing the level of intellectual property protection and increasing the level of competition in the banking sector.This paper has theoretically enriched the research related to the influencing factors of digital transformation and the economic effects of population aging.In practice,this paper will not only provide decision-making references for mitigating the adverse consequences of population aging,but also bring positive inspirations for promoting the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises.