钢轨波磨水平对轮轨噪声影响研究

Study on Influence of Rail Corrugation Level on Wheel-rail Noise

[目的]针对国内某地铁线路运营过程中频繁出现噪声超标现象,研究钢轨波磨水平对轮轨噪声的影响,以解决线路的波磨不平顺导致轮轨匹配度下降、波磨导致轮轨噪声增大的问题。[方法]根据实测不同区段波磨特征及噪声情况,建立了波磨不平顺下的噪声发展预测模型;分析了波磨1/3倍频程特征与产生噪声主频率,得出了易激发噪声波磨波长特征;分析了钢轨质量和列车运行速度与钢轨噪声间的关系。[结果及结论]轮轨噪声由钢轨噪声和车轮噪声叠加构成。频率在2000 Hz以内时,轮轨噪声由钢轨噪声主导;频率在2000 Hz以上时,轮轨噪声由车轮噪声主导。波磨不平顺会加剧轮轨噪声,轮轨噪声的敏感波长为25~55 mm,波谷越大则噪声越大,打铣磨可以降低轮轨噪声。轨道质量对轮轨噪声的影响较小,但列车运行速度对轮轨噪声有着显著的影响,车速越快则轮轨噪声越大,因此,在居民区等公共场合,可以通过适当限速来降低噪声对周边环境的影响。

[Objective]In response to the frequent occurrence of noise exceeding standards during the operation of a metro line in China,the influence of rail corrugation level on wheel-rail noise is investigated to address issues such as rail corrugation irregularity leading to decreased wheel-rail matching degree and rail corrugation causing increased wheel-rail noise.[Method]According to field-measured corrugation characteristics and noise conditions in different sections,the prediction model of noise development with corrugation irregularity is established.The 1/3 octave characteristics of the corrugation and the main frequency of the generated noise are analyzed,and the wavelength characteristics of the easily excited noise corrugation are obtained.The relationship between rail quality,train operating speed and rail noise is analyzed.[Result&Conclusion]Wheel-rail noise is composed of rail noise and wheel noise superimposition.When the frequency is less than 2000 Hz,the wheel-rail noise is dominated by rail noise.When the frequency is above 2000 Hz,the wheel-rail noise is dominated by the wheel noise.Corrugation irregularity aggravate wheel-rail noise,with a sensitive wavelength for wheel-rail noise between 25 and 55 mm.Larger corrugation peaks lead to increased noise,and grinding can reduce wheel-rail noise.The influence of track quality on wheel-rail noise is minimal,but train operating speed significantly affects it.Higher speeds result in increased wheel-rail noise.Therefore,in residential areas and other public places,the influence of noise on the surrounding environment can be mitigated by appropriate speed limits.