侵犯商业秘密罪的获取型构成要件研究

On the Acquisition Type of Tatbestand of the Crime of Infringing Trade Secrets

出于严格保护商业秘密的考量,司法实务应当活性化运用侵犯商业秘密罪的获取型构成要件,刑法理论也应当跟进获取型构成要件的解释论研究。侵犯商业秘密罪的不法内涵在于“侵犯权利人的竞争优势”,获取型构成要件的处罚根据在于“不正当获取”行为给权利人的竞争优势造成抽象危险。“不正当”的内涵是“没有付出诚实的劳动”;“获取”是将权利人的商业秘密置于自己管理之下的行为,包括取得、领得、转得这三种近似财产罪构造的不法行为;为排除掉没有处罚意义的获取行为,可以添加“图利加害目的”这一不成文要素。获取型构成要件的“情节严重”应当是反映竞争优势遭到侵犯及其程度的事实类型,但既有司法解释确立的一些类型存在法理或技术上的疑问,有必要在学理上予以反思重构。

danger to the competitive advantage of the rights holder.Secondly,the behavior of acquisition tatbestand refers to"illegal acquisition".According to the legislative spirit of the"Anti Unfair Competition Law",the so-called"illegal"refers to the perpetrator's"not paying honest labor".So,as long as the perpetrator obtains trade secrets based on their own labor,it cannot constitute a crime."Acquisition"refers to the act of placing the rights holder's trade secrets under their own management,including illegal acts similar to the construction of property crimes such as"theft","embezzlement",and"booty acquisition".It is necessary to add an unwritten subjective element of llegality to the acquisition tatbestand in order to eliminate pure acquisition behavior without any punitive significance;From the perspective of legislative practice outside the region,it can be established as the purpose of profit and harm.Finally,the act of illegal acquisition constitutes a crime still requires the condition of"serious circumstance"to be met.However,some factual types established by judicial interpretations have technical and legal doubts and are not appropriate.From the perspective of legal interests in this crime,the serious circumstance of the acquisition tatbestand should be a factual type that can reflect the degree of infringement of the rights holder's competitive advantage.Unrelated facts cannot be considered as incriminating circumstances,let alone aggravating punishment circumstances.Overall,the acquisition tatbestand can be defined as"the act of illegally acquiring the rights holder's secrets for the purpose of profit and harm,and the circumstances are serious".This definition can ensure the specificity and pertinence of judicial review,thus achieving a balance between strict protection of trade secrets and reasonable control of the scope of punishment.