跨部门数据共享源于机构变革还是动机转变?——基于浙江省M区的案例研究

Does Cross-boundary Sharing of Government Data Stem from Institutional Changes or Motivation Shifts?A Case Study Based on M District in Zhejiang Province

跨部门数据共享是数字政府建设过程中的核心环节。基于不同阶段新兴数字技术采纳程度和数据共享效果存在差异的思考,研究以技术结构化理论为基础,在中国情境下结合影响数据共享的数据治理方式、数据共享动机两大关键要素,提出了“技术采纳-组织结构”循环互动分析框架,并利用浙江省M区自1987年至2023年的跨部门数据共享实践个案进行实证检验。研究详细描述了数据治理方式演化、数据共享动机转变、数据共享效果提升的过程,并将演进历程划分为4个具有显著特征的阶段来展开理论分析。研究发现,在政府跨部门数据共享实践中,服务于数据共享的新兴数字技术采纳行为和中国情境下的条块分割组织结构特征间存在“制约-调适”的双向循环互动作用。条块分割的组织结构特征在一定程度上会形成对新兴数字技术采纳行为的“制约”,而后者亦可使前者带来的壁垒影响得以“调适”,最终互动结果影响跨部门数据共享的效果。尤为重要的是,二者互动的主导方向及限度受数据治理方式、数据共享动机两大要素的影响,并呈现阶段性演进特征。本研究结果彰显了推出“组合拳”的重要性,研究提出,在利用新兴数字技术促进数据共享过程中,既需要推进数据集中治理的机构变革,也需要引入激发数据共享动机的机制。

Cross-departmental data sharing is a core component of digital government construction.Reflecting on the varying degrees of the adoption of emerging digital technologies and the effectiveness of data sharing at different stages,this study is based on the Structuration-al Model of Technology.In the context of China,it incorporates two key factors influencing data sharing:data governance modes and motiva-tions for data sharing.Consequently,a"Technology Adoption-Organizational Structure"cyclical interaction analysis framework is proposed.The empirical test is conducted using the cross-departmental data sharing practice case in M District of Zhejiang Province from 1987 to 2023.This article describes in detail the evolution of data governance modes,the transformation of data sharing motivations,and the improve-ment of data sharing effectiveness.At the same time,the evolution process is divided into four stages with significant characteristics for theo-retical analysis.It is found that in the practice of government cross-departmental data sharing,there is a two-way cyclic interaction of"Con-straint-Adaptation"between the adoption of emerging digital technologies serving data sharing and the characteristics of the organizational structure of segmentation.To a certain extent,the organizational structure of fragmentation will form a"constraint"on the adoption of emerg-ing digital technologies,but the latter can also enable the barrier impact of the former to be"adapted",and the ultimate outcome of the in-teraction will directly impact the effectiveness of cross-departmental data sharing.Most importantly,the dominant direction and limit of the interaction between the two are affected by two factors:data governance modes and data sharing motivations,demonstrating the characteris-tics of phased evolution.The results of this study highlight the importance of introducing"combination punches".The study proposes that in the process of using emerging digital technologies to promote data sharing,it is necessary to promote the institutional change of centralized data governance and introduce mechanisms to stimulate the motivation of data sharing.