创业团队的动态演化机制——基于人力资本产权周期视角的多案例研究

The Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Teams:A Multi-case Study Based on the Perspective of the Property Rights Cycle of Human Capital

“共患难易,同富贵难”寓意着,初期创业团队在面临高风险性、模糊性与不确定性的情况下仍保持较好的合作和协调,而当业务步入正轨后更易于产生冲突。在创业团队快速发展过程中,此类冲突现象较为常见。遗憾的是,现有创业理论对该现象,尤其背后蕴含的产权冲突缺乏应有重视,本文试图弥补这一不足。基于人力资本产权视角,本文通过对4家案例企业进行分析,第一阶段研究发现,创业团队的人力资本产权包含“转化期-界定期-动荡期-治理期”4个演化阶段,不同阶段承载创业团队租金获取、产权界定与明晰等功能。本文第二阶段研究发现,人力资本产权演化本质在于企业资产价值提升过程所带来的“公共领域”难以被有效界定,因而产生人力资本产权再界定动力并引发新企业创业团队的冲突。综上,由于人力资本初始禀赋及增长的差异,新企业资产价值增长带来难以界定的“公共领域”,将导致创业者付出的人力资本与其产权难以匹配,给团队的协调与稳定带来破坏性冲突,表现为价值折损或团队解散。本文有助于深化对人力资本产权理论的认识,对创业团队研究也是重要的补充。

"Share difficulties,but not benefits"implies that the initial entrepreneurial team maintains good cooperation and coordination despite high risks,ambiguity and uncertainty,while conflict may arise when the business is on track.Such conflicts are more common in the development of entrepreneurial teams.Regrettably,existing entrepreneurial theories lack attention to this phenomenon,especially the underlying property rights conflicts,and this article attempts to make up for such shortcomings.Based on the logic of human capital property rights,this paper analyzes four case enterprises.The first phase of this paper finds that the human capital property rights of entrepreneurial teams include four evolutionary stages:"transformation period,boundary period,turbulent period,management period".Each stage carries distinct functions,such as rent acquisition,property rights definition,and others.The second phase of this paper finds that the essence of the evolution of human capital property rights lies in the fact that the"public domain"brought by the process of asset value enhancement is difficult to be effectively defined,which generates the driving force of redefining human capital property rights and triggers conflicts among new enterprise entrepreneurial teams.In summary,due to the difference in the initial endowment and growth of human capital among entrepreneurial members,the growth of the asset value of new enterprises brings about a hard-to-define"public domain",which wil lead to the difficulty of matching the human capital paid by entrepreneurs with their property rights,and bring destructive conflicts to the coordination and stability of the team,which is manifested as value loss or team dissolution.This paper helps to deepen the understanding of human capital property rights theory,and is an important supplement to the entrepreneurial team research.