当药黄素治疗2型糖尿病的作用机制及研究进展

Mechanism of action and research progress on swertisins in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是一种由多因素导致的系统代谢紊乱疾病,可能由胰岛β细胞的胰岛素分泌缺陷、肌肉组织对葡萄糖的摄取减少、肝糖原输出量增加、脂代谢紊乱、肠促胰岛素效应减弱、肾脏对葡萄糖的处理失调和神经递质紊乱等造成。目前,T2DM的治疗机制主要是通过增加胰岛素的分泌,减少肝糖原的输出,抑制肠道葡萄糖的摄取和吸收,改善C肽的分泌来实现。当药黄素是酸枣仁、菥蓂和淡竹叶等的主要活性成分之一,可诱导干细胞分化成胰岛素产生细胞,调节胰岛素分泌、干预肌肉组织和肝糖原的代谢过程,抑制糖脂和神经递质代谢紊乱,抑制炎症和氧化应激反应的发生,此外还有抗炎、抗氧化、增强记忆力等作用。通过查阅近年来国内外当药黄素治疗T2DM的作用机制,对其分析归纳整理,为T2DM的治疗和研究提供科学的理论依据。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a disorder of systemic metabolism caused by multiple factors.It may be caused by the deficiency of insulin secretion in islet beta cells,the decrease of glucose uptake in muscle tissue,the increase of liver glycogen output,the disorder of lipid metabolism,the weakening of the effect of incretin,the dysfunction of glucose processing in the kidney and the disorder of neurotransmitter.At present,the therapeutic mechanism of T2DM is mainly by increasing insulin secretion,reducing liver glycogen output,inhibiting intestinal glucose uptake and absorption,and improving C-peptide secretion.Swertisins is one of the main active ingredients of Suanzaoren(Ziziphi Spinosae Semen),Ximing(Thlaspi Herba)and Danzhuye(Lophatheri Herba),it can induce stem cells to differentiate into insulin producing cells,regulate insulin secretion,interfere with the metabolism of muscle tissue and liver glycogen,inhibit the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism,and inhibit the occurrence of inflammation and oxidative stress.In addition,there are anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,memory enhancement and other effects.Through reviewing the mechanism of action of swertisins in treatment of T2DM at home and abroad in recent years,it was analyzed and summarized to provide scientific theoretical basis for the subsequent treatment and research of T2DM.