微动磨蚀及表面防护技术回顾

Review of Fretting Wear and Surface Protection Technology

系统讨论了微动磨损及其与腐蚀耦合的失效机理和表面防护技术,为提高机械零部件的可靠性和延长使用寿命提供理论支持和实践指导。重点分析了固体自润滑涂层、液体润滑膜、树脂基涂层等低摩擦表面技术在减轻微动磨损方面的应用效果及其作用机理,并且对比了一系列微动磨损与腐蚀防护技术的利与弊,揭示了防护手段对腐蚀磨损性能的优化机理。此外,还讨论了低摩擦表面腐蚀防护设计的策略,包括基于表面工程的正向设计和基于失效分析的逆向推演,并对耐磨蚀涂层设计进行了深入探讨。最后,总结了微动磨蚀防护技术的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。通过以上综合性的研究和分析,为提高机械零部件在复杂工况下的耐磨性和抗腐蚀能力提供了重要的理论依据和技术参考。

Both fretting wear and fretting corrosion can cause irreversible damage to the surface of the material,and they often occur simultaneously to produce a coupling effect,causing greater harm.The coupling problem of fretting wear and corrosion is a common mechanism leading to material failure in industrial applications,which involves the interaction of many complex factors such as mechanical vibration,oxidation,abrasive wear and corrosion.The work aims to explore the failure mechanism of fretting wear and its coupling with corrosion and then evaluate the effectiveness of low-friction surface technique in slowing this problem.The fretting,including its definition,occurrence conditions,and different types of fretting wear(such as tangential,radial,twisting and rotating fretting wear)and its effect on material properties were introduced systematically.Two kings of fretting map theory of fretting wear were discussed in detail,including the running condition fretting map(RCFM)and material response fretting map(MRFM),and the damage of fretting wear and its mechanism were analyzed according to the three areas of partial slip area,slip area and mixing area of operating conditions.Fretting abrasion was the result of the interaction between wear and corrosion and this coupling effect would accelerate the loss of materials and pose a serious threat to the safety and stability of the mechanical system.The interaction mechanism of fretting corrosion was analyzed,including the wear-oxidation mechanism and oxidation-wear mechanism,as well as their performance in different materials and working conditions.In terms of low-friction surface technology,the application and action mechanism of solid self-lubricating coating,liquid lubricating film and resin-based coating were discussed in detail.Solid self-lubricating coatings,such as diamond-like films and MoS_(2) films,performed well in reducing fretting wear due to their low friction coefficient and high wear resistance.Liquid lubricating film effectively reduced the wear rate by isolating the oxygen and reducing the direct friction on the contact surface.Resin-based coating provided an effective way for reducing fretting damage through its flexibility and adhesion.Next,the strategy of surface corrosion protection design with low friction was further discussed,including forward design and backward deduction.The forward design focused on building a special material layer on the matrix material to isolate the corrosion medium,while the reverse deduction was based on the analysis of the failure sample and the targeted protection design from the failure mode.The design of abrasive resistant coatings,including metal coatings,ceramic coatings,composite coatings and organic coatings,and their performance characteristics,application scenarios and existing challenges were compared and discussed.Finally,the progress of fretting abrasion protection technology was discussed and its future direction was summarized.The shortcomings in the current study are pointed out,such as the abrasion behavior of high-entropy alloy coatings in complex environments,and the interface matching of composite coatings.At the same time,the future research direction is proposed,including the development of new abrasion-resistant materials,the optimization of the coating structure design and improvement in the binding strength of the coating and the substrate,in order to provide more effective protection measures for the long-life safe operation of mechanical equipment in the multi-coupling service environment through these comprehensive research and analysis.The research also provides valuable reference and inspiration for scientific researchers and engineers in related fields.