“美是那最耀显、最令人出神的”——论海德格尔对柏拉图美学的现象学阐释

“Beauty Is the Most Shiningly Visible and the Most Worthy of Being Loved()”:On Heidegger's Phenomenological Interpretation of Plato's Aesthetics

海德格尔的存在论美学来源于他对柏拉图美学的现象学阐释。针对柏拉图《理想国》中艺术与真的关系,海德格尔指出艺术并不处于与真的“分裂”关系之中,而是在指向存在之真时具有等级意义上的归属关系;进一步,海德格尔通过对《斐德若篇》中“美是那最耀显、最令人出神的”进行现象学阐释,指出美是“对存在之观照”(Seinsblick)的赢获和保持,因而是架接具体存在者的“显象”(Schein)与源初的“存在”(Sein)之间的桥梁。在重建美与真共属关系基础上,海德格尔提出了其存在论的美学命题:“美是存在的耀显(Scheinen des Seins)”,美在于现象的自身生成。

Heidegger's ontological aesthetics comes from his phenomenological interpretation of Plato's aesthetics.Regarding the relationship between art and truth in Plato's The Republic,Heidegger demonstrates that art is not in a“splitting”relationship with truth,but hierarchically belongs to it when pointing to the truth of Being;further,through the phenomenological interpretation of“beauty is the most shiningly visible and the most worthy of being loved”in Phaedrus,Heidegger points out that beauty means the acquisition and maintenance of“the Insight into Being”(Seinsblick),and therefore is the bridge between the“appearance”(Schein)of specific beings and the original“Being”(Sein).On the basis of reconstructing the relationship of belonging-together between beauty and truth,Heidegger puts forward his ontological aesthetic proposition:“Beauty is the appearing of Being itself(Scheinen des Seins)”,and beauty lies in the self-generation of phenomena.