运动训练促进骨健康的研究进展

Research Progress on Promoting Bone Health by Exercise Training

机械负荷导致适应性骨形成。这种现象涉及骨靶向重塑和适应性骨形成。骨重建对于修复机械负荷过程中产生的疲劳损伤是必要的,而适应性骨形成是提高骨刚度和强度的有效机制。因此,可以调节机械负荷的变化,从而最大程度上促进适应性骨形成。不习惯、动态、高冲击、多向、间歇性的运动,包括延长休息时间以恢复骨骼机械敏感性,是最容易促进适应性骨形成的因素。适应性骨形成可能有助于帮助运动人群预防应力性骨折。另外,充足的睡眠、补充维生素D和钙、高能量供应,可以最优化适应性骨形成。

Mechanical load leads to adaptive bone formation,which involves targeted bone remodeling and adaptive bone modeling.Bone remodeling is necessary for repairing fatiguedamage in the process of mechanical load,and adaptive bone modeling is an effective mechanism for improving bone stiffness and strength,so changes in mechanical load can be adjusted to maximize adaptive bone formation.Unaccustomed,dynamic,high-impact,multi-directional and intermittent exercise,as well as extending rest time to restore the mechanical sensitivity of bone are the factors that are most likely to promote adaptive bone formation.Adaptive bone formation may help prevent stress fractures in sports populations.In addition,sufficient sleep,vitamin D and calcium supplementation and high-energy supply can optimize adaptive bone formation.