竹子组织培养研究进展

Research Progress of Bamboo Tissue Culture

竹子由于其特殊的生物学特性,导致繁殖困难,成本较高,制约了竹产业发展,难以满足市场需求。目前最有效的解决方法是通过组织培养获得竹类植物再生,以实现快速繁殖和缩减成本,提高育种质量和获得具有杂种优势的优良植株,以及优良品种选育和突变体筛选。结果表明:目前竹子的组培最有效的方法是通过胚培养、以芽繁芽、愈伤组织培养3种方式。尽管成功构建了一些竹种的组培快繁高效再生技术体系,但仍有很多问题亟待解决,存在材料褐化、玻璃化和污染,散生竹的组织培养在离体快速繁殖和植株再生体系的建立方面没有取得突破性进展,难以建立高效稳定的快繁与再生体系,悬浮培养与原生质体培养体系有待进一步完善,竹子开花的不稳定性导致种胚材料有限等问题,极大限制了竹类植物组织培养的研究。对此,建立与不同竹类相对应的组织培养快繁技术体系是目前迫切需要解决的问题,只有这样才可以有效地保护与开发利用。随着竹子试管苗开花诱导、组培技术研究的进一步深入,竹子生物技术育种面临的难题将会有突破性、实质性的进展,对竹产业的发展及生态、经济、社会效益也将进一步提高。

Due to its special biological characteristics,it is difficult to reproduce and the cost is high,which restricts the development of bamboo industry and makes it difficult to meet the market demand.The most effective solution at present is to obtain bamboo plant regeneration through tissue culture to achieve rapid propagation and cost reduction,improve breeding quality and obtain superior plants with hybrid advantage,as well as superior variety selection and mutant screening.The current research on bamboo histoculture shows that the most effective methods are through three ways:embryo culture,shoot multiplication by shoot,and healing tissue culture.Despite the successful construction of some bamboo species of histoponic fast propagation and efficient regeneration technology system,there are still many problems to be solved.The tissue culture of loose bamboo has made no breakthrough in the establishment of in vitro rapid propagation and plant regeneration system,and it is difficult to establish an efficient and stable rapid propagation and regeneration system.The suspension culture and protoplast culture system need to be further improved.The instability of bamboo flowering leads to the limited seed embryo material,which greatly limits the research of bamboo tissue culture.There is material browning,vitrification and pollution.Tissue culture of loose bamboo has not made a breakthrough in the establishment of isolated fast propagation and vegetative regeneration system.It is difficult to establish an efficient and stable fast propagation and regeneration system.Suspension culture and protoplasm culture system needs to be further improved.The instability of bamboo flowering has led to the limited availability of seed embryo material,which greatly limits the research on bamboo plant tissue culture.In this regard,the establishment of a tissue culture system corresponding to different bamboo species is an urgent problem that can only be effectively protected and exploited.With further research on flowering induction of bamboo seedlings in vitro and tissue culture technology,there will be breakthroughs and substantial progress in the problems faced by bamboo biotechnology breeding,and the development of bamboo industry and ecological,economic and social benefits will be further improved.