农村教育中选择性放弃行为研究——基于河南省W中学的田野调查

Selective Abandonment in Rural Education:Based on Field Investigation of W Middle School in Henan Province

将农村教育中教师依据成绩好坏而采取对学生差别对待的行为概括为选择性放弃行为。通过实地研究分析了选择性放弃行为的行为表现、发生机制以及其合理化逻辑。研究得出:选择性放弃行为的产生是农村教育中基于利益最大化取向下理性选择的结果;农村学校在“以县为主”的教育体制和绩效主义式选拔机制的共同影响下,将学生的学习成绩作为提高社会地位和获取教育资源的砝码;选择性放弃行为是面临着文化和制度双重困境下的农村教师与文化资本匮乏的农村家长以及学校精英文化排斥下的学生共谋的行为。

The behavior that teachers in rural education treat students differently according to their academic performance is summarized as selective abandonment.This field study analyzes the behavior,mechanism,and rationalization logic of the selective abandonment behavior.The findings are as follows:selective abandonment is the result of rational choice based on the benefit maximization orientation in rural education;under the influence of the county-based education system and the performance-based selection mechanism,rural schools regard students’academic performance as the weight to improve their social status and obtain educational resources;and selective abandonment is an act of collusion between rural teachers who are trapped in the dual predicament of culture and system,rural parents who lack cultural capital,and students who are excluded by the elite culture of the school.