学行程朱后,文介韩欧间:方苞的文道观及其内在矛盾

After the Study of Cheng and Zhu,Between Han and Ou:Fang Bao's View of Literature and Taoism and Its Inner Contradictions

方苞揭橥“学行继程朱之后,文章介韩欧之间”的行身祈向,表明其道统继承程朱,文统步追韩欧的文道观,其文道观受宋儒影响将韩愈排除在道统之外,但将道与文统一,却又陷入了朱熹对韩愈“裂道与文为二”的批评中。实际上,程朱之道统与韩欧之文统本身就存在着矛盾,“义法说”正是方苞兼学者与文人的双重身份,企图调和二者矛盾的产物,亦是方苞以文人之姿在官方意识形态下为文争取阐释空间的努力。

FangBao unveiled his"learning behavior after Cheng and Zhu,and writing between Han and Ou",indicating that his Taoist system inherited from Cheng and Zhu,and his literacy system directly followed Han's and Ou's view of literacy and Tao⁃ism.His view of literature and Taoism was influenced by Zhu Xi,who excluded Han Yu from the Taoist system,but the unification of"Tao"and"literature"fell into Zhu Xi's criticism of Han Yu's"splitting of Tao and literature into two".In fact,there is a contra⁃diction between the Taoism of Cheng Zhu and the literacy of Han and Ou,and the"righteousness and law"is the product of Fang Bo's attempt to reconcile the contradictions between the two in his dual roles as a scholar and a literatus,as well as FangBao's en⁃deavor to fight for the survival of the"literacy".